Mesoamerica Exam 3

Question 1

Answer 1

Valdivia Figurines

Valdivia Culture

Northern Coastal Desert

Lithic Period

10,000-3,000 BCE

Question 2

Answer 2

El Caral

El Caral cultures

Central Coastal Desert

Cotton Pre Ceramic Period

3,000-1800 BCE

Question 3

Answer 3

Cerro Sechin Reliefs

Cerro Sechin culture

Central Coastal Desert

Initial Period,

1800-1200 BCE

Question 4

Answer 4

El Lanzón

Chavin Cultures

Central Mountain Highlands

Early Horizon

1200 BCE-200CE

Question 5

Answer 5

Male and Female Staff gods

Chavin Culture

Central Mountain Highlands

Early Horizon

1200 BCE-200 CE

Question 6

Answer 6

Raimondi Stone

Chavin culture

Central Mountain Highlands

Early Horizon

1200 BCE-200 CE

• Low relief and incision.
• Inverted other images are seen.
• Confusing images like this are usually associated with religion—beyond comprehension and confusing/mysterious.
• Upright—anthropomorphic figure
• Upside down—creature with telescoping mouth.
• Can tell which is upright because of the pendant eyes
• Called a staff god because of the staffs held in hands—a type of polymorph.

Question 7

Answer 7

Stirrup Spout Vessel

Chavin

Central Mountain Highlands

Early Horizon

1200 BCE-200 CE

Question 8

Answer 8

Paracas Bridge Spout Vessel

Paracas

Southern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

Question 9

Answer 9

Linear Style Textiles

Paracas

Southern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

• Lots of geometric shapes. Thin lines usually, very repetitive,
• First to develop
• Horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lines
• Usually only 4 colors. Red, Green, Gold and Blue
• Often in columns with border designs
• Motifs tend to be nested images. i.e. cat within a cat within a cat.
• Appear to emphasize abstracted ideas.
• Straight/angular outline shapes
• Repetitive designs

Question 10

Answer 10

Block color textiles

Paracas

Southern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

• Curvilinear
• Varied imagery, usually not the same figure twice in the same textile.
• Outline every feature,
• Bright colors
• At least 19 different colors used in the same textile, sometimes as many as 100…
• A lot of their designs began with the Chavin staff god design.

Question 11

Answer 11

Bridge-spout vessel of an achira

Nasca

Sourthern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

Question 12

Answer 12

Spider Geoglyph

Nasca

Southern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

• Gigantic low relief sculptures on the ground.
• Look up nat geo article on it for visual step by step
• Monkeys, birds, whales, spiders, hummingbird—about 450 ft long, wings about 200 ft wide.
• Hummingbird, like Meso, represents or associated with war/warrior/soldier.
• Spider-also fierce animal.
• Associated with religion and ritual
• Could’ve been made to reflect their impressions of constellations
• Definitely used for ritual pilgrimage as they do today, and they all start at a point and end at the same point.

Question 13

Answer 13

Great Warrior Priest rollout

Moche

Northern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

Question 14

Answer 14

The Huaca del Sol

Moche

Northern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

• Bigger than the pyramids of Giza.
• Adobe structure
• Each level has a different brick mark and made by a different labor group.
• Largely destroyed by the Spanish because the Moche buried people and goods within the platform. Diverted the river to wash most of it away.
• Similar function to Huaca de la Luna

Question 15

Answer 15

Tombs of Sipan Earspools

Moche

Northern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

Question 16

Answer 16

La Senora del Cao

Moche

Northern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

Question 17

Answer 17

Revolt of the Artifacts Mural

Moche

Northern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

Question 18

Answer 18

Portrait Vessels

Moche

Northern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

Question 19

Answer 19

Deck figure vessel (birth scene)

Moche

Northern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

Question 20

Answer 20

Fineline Painting bowl of Weavers

Moche

Northern Coastal Desert

Early Intermediate Period

200 BCE-500 CE

• Painted in white slip and fired
• Very careful outlines in black
• Usually important historical or mythical events
• Combination frontal profile view
• Use the most identifiable position for any body part.
• Do this so that the message is very clear

Question 21

Answer 21

Sun Gate

Wari-Tiwanaku

Southern Mountain Highalnds

Middle Horizon

700-1000 CE

➢ They made free standing gateways.—post and lintel. Found throughout the ceremonial centers.
➢ Appear to map out path of the sun moving across the sky.
➢ The Sun Gate is the most famous. Monolithic. Distinctive architectural stone carving they are known for.
➢ Little figures are called “winged, staff bearing attendants”
➢ Zoomorphized humans, and anthropomorphized
➢ Looks a lot like Chavin origins. Figure on low relief, tiered platform. Sometimes it is called the portal or gateway god.
➢ Probably represents a Tiwanaku Ruler.

Question 22

Answer 22

Staff Bearing attendant textiles

Wari-Tiwanaku

Southern Mountain Highlands

Middle Horizon

700-1000 CE

Question 23

Answer 23

Stepped frets and profile face textile

Wari-Tiwanaku

Southern Mountain Highlands

Middle Horizon

700-1000 CE

Question 24

Answer 24

Repousse metalwork soldier

Wari-Tiwanaku

Southern Mountain Highlands

Middle Horizon

700-1000 CE

Repousse

Mosaics

Question 25

Answer 25

Silver Bridge Spout vessel Sican Northern Coastal Desert Late Intermediate Period 1000-1460 CE

Question 26

Answer 26

Kero with Sican Deity Sican Northern Coastal Desert Late Intermediate Period 1000-1460 CE

Question 27

Answer 27

Tumi Knife Sican Northern Coastal Desert Late Intermediate Period 1000-1460 CE Ceremonial Too soft to actually be used to cut

Question 28

Answer 28

Soft Scuplture Chancay Central Coastal Desert Late Intermediate Period 1000-1460 CE

Question 29

Answer 29

Openwork textile Chancay Central Coastal Desert Late Intermediate Period 1000-1460 CE

Question 30

Answer 30

Quipu Inca Entire Andean Region Late Horizon 1460-1533 CE

Question 31

Answer 31

Boulder Masonry Inca Entire Andean Region Late Horizon 1460-1533 CE

Question 32

Answer 32

Ashlar Masonry Inca Entire Andean Region Late Horizon 1460-1533 CE

Question 33

Answer 33

Qorikancha (with Church on Top) Inca Entire Andean Region Late Horizon 1460-1533 CE • Covered inside and outside in gold sheathing. Inside it was studded with precious stones. Interior courtyard was the gold and silver garden.

Question 34

Answer 34

Machu Picchu Inca Entire Andean Region Late Horizon 1460-1533 CE * Rediscovered by Hiram Bingham. * Highest point in Machu Picchu is Intihuatana—projecting trapezoid. Mostly carved out of living rock.

Question 35

Answer 35

Torréon Inca Entire Andean Region Late Horizon 1460-1533 CE The Observatory. Built around a certain stones. Unusual round wall around it. The rising sun shines directly through the window at summer solstice. • Could’ve been a fortified rooftop city, or a retreat for royalty or something. Use is unknown.

Question 36

Answer 36

Inca Royal Tunic with tocapus Inca Entire Andean Region Late Horizon 1460-1533 CE Tocapus-probably represent different domains. • The checkerboard tunic was the regular soldier’s military tunic.

Question 37

Answer 37

Gold and silver corncob Inca Entire Andean Region Late Horizon 1460-1533 CE

Question 38

Answer 38

Female figure with mantle and headdress Inca Entire Andean Region Late Horizon 1460-1533 CE • Tupu pin—women used it to pin their tunics or clothing, shaped like a tumi knife

Question 39

Answer 39

Urpu examples Inca Entire Andean Region Late Horizon 1460-1533 CE * Standardized measurements. * Very fine versions were artistic, considered luxury items Given to high status individuals

Question 40

Answer 40

Chancay figure Chancay Central Coastal Desert Late Intermediate Period 1000-1460 CE * All look like children, pretty much all female. * Black geometric designs. * Painted on tunics * And painted on facepaint. * Holes that might have held ornaments.