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Social Studies > Mesopotamia 8 > Flashcards

Mesopotamia 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Mesopotamia means…

A

-“land between two rivers”(Greek)
-“cradle of civilzations”(Greek)

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2
Q

What two rivers is mesopotamia in between?

A

Tigris and Eupharates

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3
Q

Why was land so fertile?

A

annual flooding brought silt that made the ideal land to farm

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4
Q

silt

A

small particles of rich soil and tiny rocks good for growing crops

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5
Q

Fertile Cresent

A

an area of rich farmland extending from the Perisan Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea and into Egypt’s Nile delta

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6
Q

Mesopotamia is located in present-day…

A

Iraq

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7
Q

What was used to control the flow of water from the rivers?

A

canals, dikes, dams

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8
Q

Irrigation

A

a way of supplying water to an area of land

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9
Q

Canals

A

human-made waterways

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10
Q

Surplus

A

an overbundance of food

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11
Q

Most popular crops for farmers to grow

A

grain, wheat, barley ,and dates

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12
Q

Sumer Civilzation

A

-developed the world’s first civilzation
-made up of city-states
-religion played a huge role
-Sumerians were polytheistic
-Ziggurats were the focal point of the city-state

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13
Q

City-State

A

a political unit that consists of a walled city with rural areas of land on the outskirts of the walls

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14
Q

Polytheistic

A

the belief of many gods

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15
Q

Ziggurat

A

a temple tower which rose above each city and was the focal point

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16
Q

Priests significance

A

they performed religious ceremonies to gain the gods favor

17
Q

City-State Characteristics

A

-large
-walls around it
-farmland outside of wall
-developed armies to protect

18
Q

Sumerians Developed

A

-wheels
-sailboats
-sanitation
-chariot
-medicine
-Number 60 system mathmatics
-roads
-cuneiform

19
Q

Wheel purpose

A

-used for carts and wagon
-plow for farming
-potter’s wheel

20
Q

Sanitatoin purpose

A

-sewer systems

21
Q

Medience purpose

A

develpoed medience for treating for wounds/illness

22
Q

Cuneiform

A

-use symbols called pictographs
-they used clay tablets and a stylus

23
Q

Scribes

A

writers, who kept track of items people traded and wrote down government records.

24
Q

Epics

A

long poems that tell the stories of heroes

25
Q

Social Hierarchy

A

society is ranked by class

26
Q

Order of social hierarchy

A
  1. Kings
  2. Priests/ Military Commanders
  3. Merchants, Artisans, Traders (Skilled Workers)
  4. Farmers (Unskilled workers)
  5. Slaves (Conquered People)
27
Q

Akkad Empire

A

-Sagron broke the peace between Sumer and Akkad by attmepting to extend Akkadian territory. He built a new capital and conquered all Sumerian city-states. He established the world’s first empire, which stretched from Persian Gulf to Mediteranean Sea.
-developed their own language to unfiy land
-eventually fell b/c future kings could not maintain control of such a large area of land

28
Q

Military tactics

A

tight battle foramtions using a row a sheilds in front of a row of spears

29
Q

Babylon

A

-laws were based on the authority of the king and the gods.

30
Q

Hammurabi

A

Babylonian king who unfied his empire by creating a uniform, written code of laws

31
Q

Hammurabi’s Code

A

282 laws uesd to maintain order- laws ranged on everything from trade,loans, and theft to marriage, injury, and murder- specific crimes had specific penalties.

32
Q

Assyria

A

-extended their empire througout the entire Fertile Cresent
-used horses and iron weapons in battle
-utilized siege warfare
-created the first aqueducts that brought fresh drinking water from 30 miles away

33
Q

Siege warfare

A

a strategy in which army soldiers ram to break walls and moveable towers to climb over walls

34
Q

Neo-Babylon

A

-King Nebuchadnezzar regained control of Mesopotamia after the Assyrian empire fell.
-took control of land outside Mesopotamia, namely Syria and Canaan (present day Israel& home of the Jews)
-restored the city of Babylon that was destroyed by the Assryians
-

35
Q

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

A

-no physical evidence of the Gardens
-possibly a Hanging Garden in the Assyrian capital of Nineveh
-1 of the 7 ancient wonders of the world
-decorated palace with gardens planted on rooftops and tall terraces to make it look like the city was built into a mountian side

36
Q

Phoenicia

A

-skilled seafarers sailed at night over open ocean using the North Star (avoided being robbed and helped dominate trade routes at sea)
-colonized islands and terriories throughtout the Mediterreanean like Greece,Italy, and North Africa
-Spread their culture and the alphabet (22 letters) throughout the Mediterranean- led to the development of many modern languages

37
Q

Culture

A

-belifs, traditions, customs and social structures shared by a specific group of people
-Language, religion, holidays, customs, traditions, food, clothing, architecture, laws, education

38
Q

Civilzation

A

an advanced, complex society
-governemnt, system of writing, humanities, economy, urbanization, specialization

Social Studies (6 decks)

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