MESSER VIDEOS ROUND 2 Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
OSI Model
A
Layer 7 Application
Layer 6 Presentation
Layer 5 Session
Layer 4 Transport
Layer 3 Network
Layer 2 Data Link
Layer 1 Physical
2
Q
Layer 1 Components
A
Cables
Fiber
The actual signal itself
3
Q
Layer 2
A
Frame
MAC Address
Switch
4
Q
Layer 3
A
IP Address
Routers
Packets
5
Q
Layer 4
A
TCP Segments
UDP Datagrams
6
Q
Layer 5
A
Control Protocols
Tunneling Protocols
7
Q
Layer 6
A
Encryption SSL/TLS
8
Q
MTU
A
- Maximum transmittable without fragmenting an IP packet
- 1500 bytes
9
Q
Star Topology
A
Hub and spoke
All devices are connected to a central device
10
Q
Ring Topology
A
Used in MANs and WANs
- Dual rings
- Built in fault tolerance
11
Q
Bus Topology
A
Used in early LANs
Simple but prone to errors
12
Q
Bus Topology
A
Simple but prone to errors
13
Q
Mesh Topology
A
- Multiple links to the same place
- Provides redundancy, fault tolerance, load balancing
14
Q
Hybrid Topology
A
A combo of one or more topologies
15
Q
Wireless Topology
A
Infrastructure
- All devices communicate through an AP
Ad Hoc
- No pre existing infrastructure
- Devices communicate amongst themselves
16
Q
Peer to Peer Network
A
- All devices are both clients and servers
- Easy to deploy
- Low cost
-Difficult to secure / administer
17
Q
Peer to Peer Network
A
- Devices are both clients and servers
- Easy to deploy
- Low cost
- Difficult to secure / administer
18
Q
Client Server Network
A
- Clients connect to a central server
- No client to client communication
19
Q
LAN
A
- Local Area Network
- Ethernet and 802.11 wireless
20
Q
MAN
A
Metropolitan Area Network
21
Q
WAN
A
Wide Area Network
Connects LANs across long distances
22
Q
WLAN
A
Wireless Local Area Network
Expand coverage with APs
23
Q
PAN
A
Personal Area Network
Bluetooth, IR, NFC
24
Q
CAN
A
Campus Area Network
25
CAN
Campus Area Network
26
NAS
Network Attached Storage
Shared storage device on the network
File level access
27
SAN
Storage Area Network
Looks and feels like a local storage device
Block level access
28
MPLS
Multiprotocol Label Switching
Packets through the WAN have labels
Any transport medium, any protocol inside
29
mGRE / DMVPN
Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation
Used with dynamic multipoint VPN
Remote sites communicate directly to each other, tunnels are built dynamically (Dynamic Mesh)
30
SD-WAN
Software defines WAN
Cloud based applications communicate directly to the cloud, no need to hop to a central point
31
Demarcation Point
Physical location that designates the connection point between the internal network and the providers network
32
SmartJack
A network interface unit that allows providers to remote in and troubleshoot
33
NFV
Network Function Virtualization
Replace physical network devices with virtual versions (quick and easy deployment)
Same functionality as a physical device (Routing, switching, firewall, load balancing)
34
Hypervisor
Virtual machine manager
Manages CPU, networking, security
Single console control (one screen controls everything)
35
vSwitch
Virtual Switch
Functionality is the same as a physical switch
- Forwarding options
- Link aggregation
- Port mirroring
36
vNIC
Virtual Network Interface Card
Configured and connected through the hypervisor
37
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
Uses telephone lines
Download speed is faster than upload speed
38
Cable Broadband
Coaxial cable transmission across multiple frequencies
Different traffic types (Television, internet connectivity, voice)
39
Fiber
Uses light to transmit data
High speed/cost, long distance
40
Metro Ethernet
Connect sites with Ethernet in a MAN
Provider network is usually fiber
41
Metro Ethernet
Connect sites with Ethernet in a MAN
Provider uses fiber
42
Twisted Pair Copper Cabling
Four pairs of wires with equal and opposite signals
Transmit+ Transmit-
Receive+ Receive-
RJ-45 or RJ-11
43
Coaxial Cabling
RG-6
Used in television / internet / voice
44
Twinaxial Cabling
Two inner conductors instead of one
Common on 10gig Ethernet and SFP+
45
T568B
Orange white
Orange
White green
Blue
White blue
Green
White brown
Brown
46
T568A
White green
Green
Orange white
Blue
White blue
Orange
White brown
Brown
47
Fiber Communication
Transmission by light
No RF signal so it’s very difficult to monitor/tap
Slow signal degradation
Immune to radio interference (No RF)
48
Multimode Fober
Short range communication, up to 2km
Inexpensive light source LED
49
Single Mode Fiber
Long range communication up to 100km
Expensive light source Laser
50
Fiber Connectors
LC - two tips, one for send and one for receive, small
Straight Tip - Twists in
Subscriber Connector - square connector with a locking mechanism
MT-RJ - Two strands of fiber in it, Smallest connector
51
UPC and APC Connectors
UPC = Ultra Polished Connector, high return loss
APC = Angle Polished Connector, low return loss
52
RJ-11 Connector
Telephone and DSL connections
53
RJ-45 Connector
Ethernet
54
F-Connector / RG6
Cable television/modem
55
Media Converter
Operates at Layer 1
Converts signals of one type to another (Copper to fiber to back to copper)
56
Media Converter
Converts signal of one type to another
Ex: Ethernet to fiber, then back to Ethernet
57
Transceiver
Provides a modular interface
Ex: SFP module
58
Bi-Directional Transceivers
Traffic in both direction with a single strand of fiber
Uses two different wavelengths
59
SFP
Provides 1Gb/a fiber or Ethernet
60
SFP
Provides 1 Gb/s fiber or Ethernet
61
SFP+
Supports speeds up to 16 Gb/s, making it perfect for 10Gb/s Ethernet
62
SFP+
Provides speeds up to 16Gb/s making it perfect for 10Gb Ethernet
63
QSFP
Combines 4 SFPs into a single transceiver
Ex: QSFP+ is 40Gb/s
SFP+ is 4Gb/s
64
100BASE-TX
100 mb/s
100m max distance
Cat5 minimum
65
1000BASE-T
1 Gb/s
100m max distance
Minimum Cat5, but everyone uses Cat5e now
66
10GBASE-T
10 Gb/s
Cat6 (Unshielded 55m
Shielded 100m) or Cat6a (100m both shielded and unshielded)
67
40GBASE-T
40 Gb/s
Cat8
Up to 30m
68
100BASE-FX
100 mb/s Ethernet over fiber
Uses lasers as a light source
400m half duplex
2km full duplex
69
100BASE-SX
100 mb/s Ethernet over fiber
Uses LEDs as a light source
300m max distance
70
1000BASE-SX
Gigabit Ethernet over fiber
Uses a laser as a light source
220m-550m
Short wavelength laser
71
1000BASE-LX
Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber
550m over multimode
5km over single mode
Long wavelength laser
72
10GBASE-SR
10 gigabit Ethernet over fiber
Multimode
“Short Range”
Multimode
26m-400m
73
10GBASE-LR
10 gigabit Ethernet over fiber
“Long Range”
Single mode
10km max range
74
WDM
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Bidirectional communication over a single strand of fiber
Uses different wavelengths for each carrier
75
CWDM
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
4 carriers at 4 different wavelengths
76
DWDM
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Up to 160 signals
77
IPv4 Loopback Address
127.0.0.1 - 127.255.255.254
78
DHCP
Provides the automatic assignment of IP addresses for almost all devices
UDP 67 (Server side)
UDP 68 (Client Side)
79
APIPA Address
169.254.0.1 - 169.254.254.255
80
Unicast
One devices sends information to another device
1:1 communication
81
Broadcast
Send information to everyone at once
Broadcast Domain = The range of the broadcast, usually your local subnet
IPv4
82
Multicast
Sends information to only interested devices
IPv6
83
Anycast
Multiple devices can have the same Anycast address
Will send data only to the closest device with that address
IPv6
