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Met Course Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Air Mass?

A

A large body of air with similar weather characteristics

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2
Q

What does AM stand for?

A

Arctic Maritime

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3
Q

What does PM stand for?

A

Polar Maritime

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4
Q

What does rPM stand for?

A

Returning Polar Maritime

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5
Q

What does TM stand for?

A

Tropical Maritime

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6
Q

What does PC stand for?

A

Polar Continental

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7
Q

What does TC stand for?

A

Tropical Continental

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8
Q

What weather comes with a Polar Maritime (PM) air mass?

A

Summer: Cool and Showery

Winter: Cold/ Wintry showers

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9
Q

What weather comes with a Arctic Maritime (AM) air mass?

A

Summer: Cool and Maritime

Winter: Very cold/ Wintry showers

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10
Q

What weather comes with a returning Polar Maritime(rPM) air mass?

A

Summer:
Wet/Cloudy

Winter: Wet/Cloudy

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11
Q

What weather comes with a Tropical Maritime (TM)air mass?

A

Summer: Warm/Cloudy/Fog

Winter: Mild/Cloudy/Fog

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12
Q

What weather comes with a Tropical Continental air mass?

A

Summer: Hot and Dry

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13
Q

What weather comes with a Polar Continental air mass?

A

Summer: Cloudy

Winter: Very cold

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14
Q

What is a front?

A

Boundary between 2 air masses

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15
Q

What is a warm front?

A

Warm air replacing cold air

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16
Q

What is a cold front?

A

Cold air replacing warm air

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17
Q

What is an occluded front?

A

Cold front catches up with warm front

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18
Q

What is a Trough?

A

An elongated area of relatively low pressure.

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19
Q

Which way does the wind turn in a low pressure system?

A

Anti-clockwise

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20
Q

Which way does the wind turn in a high pressure system?

A

Clockwise

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21
Q

What does METAR stand for?

A

Meteorological aerodrome report

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22
Q

What does TAF stand for?

A

Aerodrome Forecast

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23
Q

What 3 elements in a METAR are calculated automatically?

A
  1. Wind, direction, speed n gusts
  2. Temperature and dew point
  3. Pressure
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24
Q

What 3 elements in a METAR are manually inputted?

A
  1. Visibility
  2. Present weather
  3. Cloud
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25
What does ATIS stand for?
Air Traffic Information Service
26
How often is a METAR produced?
Every 30 minutes
27
What times are METARs issues?
10 to the hour and | 20 past the hour
28
The mean wind direction and speed is for how long a period?
10 minutes
29
Wind direction is reported from? A) True North B) Compass North C) Magnetic North
True North
30
For a gust to be reported it must exceed the mean wind by?
10 knots or more
31
Wind gust is the?
Maximum 3 second “peak” taken from the 10 minute period
32
When shall a wind variation be reported?
The total variation in the previous 10 minutes is 60 degrees or more but less than 180 degrees and the average wind speed is greater than 3 kts
33
When is the wind reported calm?
When the speed is less than 01kt
34
How do you report wind speeds greater than 99kts?
P99kt
35
What is the standard height for wind measurements at Aerodromes?
10m AGL
36
Where should wind sensors be located?
Ina location representative of the whole runway and capture undisturbed wind.
37
What height should visibility be observed?
1. 5m | * Slant error may occur if observed from an increased height*
38
What is prevailing visibility?
The greatest visibility reached within at least 1/2 the horizon circle or 1/2 of the surface of the aerodrome.
39
When should the minimum visibility be reported?
When the vis in one direction is less than 1500m or less than 50% of the prevailing wind.
40
What do you report when the lowest visibility is in more than one direction?
Report the most operational significant one
41
What do you report when the vis is fluctuating rapidly and no prevailing vis can be determined?
Lowest vis reported with no indication of direction.
42
When the visibility is less than 800 metres it should rounded down to the nearest?
50 metres
43
When the visibility is 800 metres or more but less than 5000m it should rounded down to the nearest?
100 metres
44
When the visibility is 5000 metres or more but less than 10km it should rounded down to the nearest?
1,000 metres
45
If the visibility is less than 50 metres (e.g. 35m) how shall it be encoded?
0000
46
Define RVR
Measurement of the Horizontal visibility along the runway
47
When is RVR reported?
When minimum visibility or RVR is less than 1500m
48
How do you report RVR less than 50m metres?
M0050
49
How would you report an RVR greater than 2000m?
P2000
50
When the RVR is less than 400 metres it should rounded down to the nearest?
25 metres
51
When the RVR is between 400 and 800 metres it should rounded down to the nearest?
50 metres
52
When the RVR is greater than 800 metres it should rounded down to the nearest?
100 metres
53
Define in the vicinity
Within 8km of the aerodrome Reference point
54
TS takes Precedence over any other precipitation, True or False?
True.
55
BC means?
Patches
56
MI means?
Shallow
57
SG means?
Snow Grains
58
PL means?
Ice Pellets
59
GR means?
Hail
60
GS means?
Small hail/snow pellet
61
BR means?
Mist
62
What is the code for sleet?
SNRA Or RASN
63
What visibility is Mist reported and what is it’s relative Humidity?
5000-1000m 95%+ Temp/DP 1 degree or less difference
64
When is Fog(FG) reported?
Vis is less than 1000m RH is 100%
65
When is Haze reported and what is it’s RH?
5000m or less | Less than 95%
66
What is a Squall (SQ)?
Wind rise by 16kts+ increasing to 22kts+ and sustained by 1 minute
67
What does // mean
U/S or missing present weather sensor
68
What does UP mean?
Unidentified Percipitation
69
What does FZUP mean?
Freezing Unidentified precipitation
70
What height is cloud reported till?
Up to but not including 5,000ft
71
Which 2 clouds are specified in the METAR?
TCU and CB
72
When is CB or TCU specified in the METAR?
After cloud amount and height
73
Cloud is rounded down to the nearest?
100ft
74
Few is how many Oktas
1-2
75
SCT is how many Oktas
3-4
76
BKN is how many Oktas
5-7
77
OVC is how many Oktas
8
78
Is cloud height above sea level or AGL?
AGL
79
When would a cloud base of 5,000ft or higher be reported?
If it is the base of a TCU or CB
80
How do you report a cloud base less than 100ft?
000
81
For a second layer of cloud what is required?
Must be 3 oktas or more than 1st layer.
82
3rd layer can be entered provided...
Amount is 5 oktas or more
83
What does NSC mean?
No significant cloud below 5,000ft and no TCU/CB
84
VV/// is?
Vertical visibility height not measured or sky obscured.
85
When a TS is reported a CB must be reported true or False?
True.
86
What are the 5 conditions for CAVOK
1. Prevailing vis 10km + 2. No minimum Vis 3. No cloud below 5,000ft/Min sector Alt. 4. No TCU or CB present 5. No weather phenomena at or in Vicinity of the AD
87
Temperature is rounded up or down? To the hottest degree.
Up
88
How many digits is the temperature?
2
89
If DP is not available what is it replaced with?
//
90
A temperature of -0.5 to-0.1 is coded as?
M00
91
Temperature between 0.0 to 0.4 is coded as?
00
92
QFE is included in the METAR. | True or False?
False

Met Observer (2 decks)

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