MET O

Question 1

What is the definition of meteorology?

Answer 1

Branch of science that deals with the atmosphere of a planet, particularly the earth, focusing on weather analysis and prediction.

Meteorology is derived from the Greek words μέτεωρον (meteoron) meaning ‘high in the sky’ and λόγος (logos) meaning ‘knowledge’.

Question 2

What are the two Greek words that form the term ‘meteorology’?

Answer 2

METEOROS and LOGUS

METEOROS means meteors and LOGUS means logic or discourse.

Question 3

What is physical meteorology?

Answer 3

Branch of meteorology that studies the physical properties of the atmosphere such as condensation, precipitation, and radiation.

Question 4

What is climatology?

Answer 4

The study of weather conditions occurring at a certain place over a long period of time.

Question 5

What does synoptic meteorology study?

Answer 5

Weather descriptions over a wide area using charts or maps based on simultaneous observations.

Question 6

Define dynamic meteorology.

Answer 6

Study of the forces that create motion and heat transmission, including hydrodynamic, thermodynamic, and aerodynamic forces.

Question 7

What is marine meteorology?

Answer 7

Application of meteorological knowledge to marine navigation problems.

Question 8

What does aeronautical meteorology focus on?

Answer 8

Application of meteorology principles to the needs of aviation.

Question 9

What is the focus of agricultural meteorology?

Answer 9

Study of the effects of weather and climate on plants and trees.

Question 10

What does hydrometeorology study?

Answer 10

Relationship between meteorology, irrigation, water supply, and flood control.

Question 11

What is medical meteorology?

Answer 11

Study of the effects of weather and climate on human life and health.

Question 12

What is required to calculate tidal conditions at a secondary port?

Answer 12

Use a Standard/secondary Form and nautical publication to ensure results are within +/- 5 mins and +/- 0.2 m.

Question 13

How do you calculate the time of high water at a secondary place?

Answer 13

Add or subtract the time difference from the predicted time of high water at the standard port.

Question 14

How do you calculate the height of high water at a secondary place?

Answer 14

Multiply the predicted height of high water at the standard port by the figure in column 8 and then adjust by column 9.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: Marine meteorology deals with the application of meteorological knowledge to the problems of _______.

Answer 15

marine navigation.

Question 16

True or False: Climatology studies weather conditions over short periods.

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

What is the significance of tidal analysis at a secondary place?

Answer 17

It allows for estimating tide times and heights based on patterns from a standard port.

Question 18

What is the first step in estimating tide times and heights at a secondary port?

Answer 18

Find the required locality in the semidiurnal or diurnal tidal planes table and note its standard port.

Question 19

How is the height of low water at a secondary place calculated?

Answer 19

Multiply the predicted height of low water at the standard port by the figure in column 8 and adjust by column 9.

Question 20

What is a semidiurnal tidal plane?

Answer 20

A tidal pattern where there are two high and two low tides each lunar day.

Question 21

What is the tidal range?

Answer 21

The difference in height between high and low water.

Question 22

What is the predicted high water time for the secondary place on 16 March 2022?

Answer 22

08:04.

Question 23

What is the predicted low water height at the secondary place on 16 March 2022?

Answer 23

0.45 m.

Question 24

What is the predicted high water height at the secondary place on 16 March 2022?

Answer 24

1.94 m.

Question 25

At what time was the tide approximately 2.16 m at the standard port on 16 March 2022?

Answer 25

6:40 am.

Question 26

At what time was the tide approximately 1.75 m at the secondary place on 16 March 2022?

Answer 26

6:40 am.

Question 27

What is the tidal coefficient?

Answer 27

A calculated numerical indication of the amplitude of the tide, ranging from 20 to 120.

Question 28

What does a tidal coefficient below 70 indicate?

Answer 28

Neap tide (ME).

Question 29

What does a tidal coefficient above 70 indicate?

Answer 29

Spring tide (VE).

Question 30

What is the tidal range?

Answer 30

The difference between the height of water at high tide and low tide.

Question 31

How is the tidal range calculated?

Answer 31

High tide height - Low tide height.

Question 32

What is the formula for calculating tide time?

Answer 32

Low tide time + (High tide time - Low tide time) / 6.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The rule of twelfths states that the water level evolves according to the _______.

Answer 33

rule of twelfths.

Question 34

What is the distribution of water level changes according to the rule of twelfths?

Answer 34

* Hour 1: 1/12th * Hour 2: 2/12ths * Hour 3: 3/12ths * Hour 4: 3/12ths * Hour 5: 2/12ths * Hour 6: 1/12th

Question 35

What happens during slack water in rectilinear tidal currents?

Answer 35

There is no velocity as the current switches direction.

Question 36

True or False: Tidal currents are affected by the interactions of the Earth, sun, and moon.

Answer 36

True.

Question 37

What are spring currents?

Answer 37

Strong tidal currents occurring during full or new phases of the moon.

Question 38

What are neap currents?

Answer 38

Weak tidal currents occurring during first or third quarter phases of the moon.

Question 39

What is the purpose of a tide directory?

Answer 39

To provide reference information on tides for navigation.

Question 40

How can tidal currents be observed?

Answer 40

Using sophisticated electronic current meters suspended from buoys or anchored to the bottom.

Question 41

What is the significance of the distance between the Earth, moon, and sun in relation to tides?

Answer 41

It plays a critical role in affecting tides and the currents they produce.

Question 42

What is the corrected low water height for Morgat if Brest's low water is 1.50 m and the correction is -0.10 m?

Answer 42

1.40 m.

Question 43

What is the tidal range in Brest if low water is 1.50 m and high water is 7.10 m?

Answer 43

5.60 m.

Question 44

What is the tidal range in Morgat corrected from Brest's values?

Answer 44

5.30 m.

Question 45

What is a secondary port in the context of tidal calculations?

Answer 45

A port that is referenced against a primary or reference port for tidal information.

Question 46

What is the importance of navigational astronomy in tidal calculations?

Answer 46

It helps in understanding celestial bodies used in navigation.

Question 47

What is the maximum tidal coefficient that is theoretically reached?

Answer 47

120.

Question 48

Fill in the blank: The time of the tide in Morgat is calculated by dividing the total tide duration by _______.

Answer 48

6.

Question 49

What is the significance of the probe reading in tidal calculations?

Answer 49

It indicates the water height above the probe level.

Question 50

What are ocean currents?

Answer 50

The continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater driven by gravity, wind, and water density.

Question 51

What are the two types of ocean water movement?

Answer 51

Horizontal movements (currents) and vertical changes (upwellings or downwellings).

Question 52

How many major ocean-wide gyres are there?

Answer 52

Five major gyres: North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Ocean gyres.

Question 53

What are the characteristics of boundary currents?

Answer 53

Each gyre is flanked by a strong and narrow 'western boundary current' and a weak and broad 'eastern boundary current'.

Question 54

What role do ocean currents play in climate regulation?

Answer 54

They transport warm water and precipitation from the equator toward the poles and cold water back to the tropics.

Question 55

What are the effects of ocean currents on sea life?

Answer 55

They carry nutrients and food to organisms and transport reproductive cells and ocean life to new areas.

Question 56

What is the flow speed range of ocean currents?

Answer 56

From a few centimeters per second to as greatly as 4 meters per second.

Question 57

What factors affect the intensity of ocean currents?

Answer 57

Overall winds and the Coriolis force.

Question 58

What are the main causes of ocean currents?

Answer 58

Wind, density differences, gravity, earthquakes, and storms.

Question 59

What are the three things that impact ocean currents?

Answer 59

* Wind * Temperature * Breaking waves and tides

Question 60

What are the three major effects of electric current?

Answer 60

* Heating effect * Magnetic effect * Chemical effect

Question 61

How do ocean currents affect regional climates?

Answer 61

They modify temperatures in regions near the sea, warming cold areas and cooling warm areas.

Question 62

Who discovered ocean currents?

Answer 62

Matthew Fontaine Maury.

Question 63

Where are the strongest ocean currents located?

Answer 63

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current.

Question 64

What is the difference between ocean currents and waves?

Answer 64

Currents move water over long distances; waves affect local ecosystems and coastlines.

Question 65

How are ocean currents different from wind currents?

Answer 65

Air currents are caused by uneven heating of Earth's surface; water currents are caused by winds or density differences.

Question 66

What creates surface currents?

Answer 66

Wind blowing over the ocean water.

Question 67

What are deep currents caused by?

Answer 67

Differences in density of water masses.

Question 68

What two factors determine water density?

Answer 68

* Salinity * Temperature

Question 69

What is the relationship between temperature and water density?

Answer 69

Colder water is denser than warmer water.

Question 70

What are thermohaline currents?

Answer 70

Currents created by differences in density due to temperature and salinity.

Question 71

What is the role of the ocean in absorbing sunlight?

Answer 71

The ocean absorbs the majority of the sun's radiation, heating the planet.