Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Radiology > Metabolic Bone Disease > Flashcards

Metabolic Bone Disease Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

defined as diminished bone quantity in which the bone is otherwise normal

A

osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bone quantity is normal but the quality of the bone is abnormal in that it is not normally mineralized

A

osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

results in excess nonmineralized osteoid

A

osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

most common cause of osteoporosis

A

aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Main radiographic finding in osteoporosis is

A

Thinning of cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Osteoporosis is most reliably demonstrated in what bone

A

Second metacarpal at the middiaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Normal metacarpal cortical thickening should be approximately

A

1/4 to 1/3 the thickness of the metacarpal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Measurement of bone mineral content for the purposes of predicting fracture risk and monitoring response to therapy is usually done by means of _______ which compares a patient’s bone mineral density of the spine and hip wirh that of a healthy 30 year old adult

A

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or false: calcium additives have not been shown to reverse the process of primary osteoporosis

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Can alleviate postmenopausal osteoporosis

A

Estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Drugs that inhibit osteoclastic acitvity and thus slow bone loss and are commobky prescribed to treat osteoporosis and to prevent bony complications related to osseous metastatic disease as they reduce fracture risk

A

Biphosphonate drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A type of osteoporosis that can be seen in a patient of any age is

A

Disuse osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Radiographic appearance of disuse osteoporosis that is due to osteoclastic resorption in the cortex causing intracortical holes

A

Patchy appearance of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Form of osteoporosis that can mimic a permeative lesion because of multiple cortical holes that project over the medullary space, thus resembling a medullary permeative process

A

Aggressive osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Other causes of pseudopermeative process aside from disuse osteoporosis

A

Hemangioma and radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hemangioma can cause cortical holes in 2 ways, namely

A

From focal hyperemia causing focal osteoporosis or by the blood vessels themselves tunneling through the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Radiation can cayse cortical holes in bone and mimic a permeative process because of

A

Death of cortical osteocytes, which can enlarge lacunae in the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Differential diagnosis of permeative lesion in young people (<30 yo)

A

Ewing sarcoma, infection, eosinophilic granuloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Differential diagnosis of permeative lesion in older patients

A

Multiple myeloma, metastatic carcinomatosis, primary lymphoma of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Most common cause of osteomalacia

A

Renal osteodystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Only finding that is pathognomonic for osteomalacia is a

A

Looser fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fracture through large osteoid seams

A

Looser fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Looser fracture tend to occur in what body parts

A

Femur, pelvis, scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Osteomalacia in children is called

A

Rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Causes epiphyseal playes to become flared and irregular and the long bones to undergo bending from bone softening
Rickets
26
Occurs from excess parathyroid hormone
Hyperparathyroidism
27
Hormone that causes osteoclastic resorption in bone, which leads to osteoporosis and osteomalacia
Parathyroid hormone
28
Primary HPT are caused by
Parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasia
29
Most common cause of HPT is from
Renal disease
30
Radiographic sign that is Pathognomonic for HPT is
Subperiosteal bone resorption
31
Subperiosteal bone resorption in HPT is seen most commonly on the
Radial aspect of middle phalanges of the hand, medial aspect of proximal tibia and subchondral bone resorption at sacroiliac joints
32
Rugger jersey spine is seen in
Hyperparathyroidism
33
Cystic lesions that are often expansile and aggressive in apearance
Brown tumors
34
Few skeletal changes seen in hypoparathyroidism
Calvarial thickening and calcification in the basal ganglia
35
Caused by congenital failure of tissues to respond to PTH. Parathyroid glands are normal in these cases
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
36
Characteristic appearance of patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism
Obesity, round facies, short stature and brachydactyly
37
Hypothyroidism is a ______ problem, pseudohypoparathyroidism is a ______ problem, and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism is a ____
Hypothyroidism- parathyroid gland problem Pseudohypoparathyroidism- end organ problem Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism is a mimicker of pseudohypoparathyroidism morphologically
38
A secreting adenoma or hyperplasia of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland will result in
Accelerated bone growth
39
Skull findings in acromegaly
Calvarial thickening, enlarged sinuses, enlarged sella turcica
40
Appearance of jaw in acromegaly
Prognathic
41
Terminal tufts of distal phalanges in acromegaly appears as
Spade appearance/shovel
42
Has been used as a sign of acromegaly
Thickening of heel pad adjacent to calcaneus
43
Rare manifestation of hyperthyroidism that occurs only after prior thyroidectomy
Thyroid acropachy
44
Useful differential point that can be used to tell thyroid acropachy from other causes of diffuse periostitis
Periostitis involving the ulnar aspect of fifth metacarpal
45
Decreased thyroid secretion
Cretinism
46
Epiphyses appears stippled in this metabolic disease
Thyroid gland hypofunction or cretinism
47
Diffuse increase in bone density
Osteosclerosis
48
By far most common disease in which osteosclerosis is seen
Renal osteodystrophy
49
The sine qua non of renal osteodystrophy is
Subperiosteal bone resorption
50
Subperiosteal bone resorption in renal osteodystrophy is reliably seen at the
Radial aspect of middle phalanges of hands
51
Fish vertebrae is seen in
Sicke cell disease
52
Bone infarcts and step-off deformities of vertebral body endplates, avascular necrosis of the hip are seen in
Sickle cell disease
53
Also called angogenic myeloid dysplasia, it is caused by progressive fibrosis of the marrow in patients older than 50 years of age
Myelofibrosis
54
Myelofibrosis leads to
Anemia with marked splenomegalynand extramedullary hematopoiesis
55
Hereditary abnormality that results in extremely dense bones throughout the skeleton
Osteopetrosis
56
2 forms of osteopetrosis
Congenita and tarda
57
Form of osteopetrosis that can be lethat
Congenita
58
Form of osteopetrosis that is milder
Tarda
59
Characteristic finding is bone-in-bone appearance often seen in the vertebral bodies in which vertebrae have a small replics of the vertebral body inside the normal one
Osteopetrosis
60
Sandwich vertebrae is seen in
Osteopetrosis
61
Sandwich vertebrae in osteopetrosis can be differentiated from rugger jersey spine in rickets by noting that
The bands of sclerosis in sandwich vertebrae are denser
62
Other congenital abnormality with dense bomes that shoild be considered in the differential diagnosis of osteosclerosis. These patients are typically short and have hypoplastic mandibles
Pyknodysostosis
63
Distinguishing radiographic finding of pyknodysostosis
Acroosteolysis with sclerosis
64
In this condition, the distal phalanges often have the appearance of chalk that has bern put into a pencil sharpener
Pyknodysostosis
65
Pyknodysostosis is aka
Toulouse-Lautrev syndrome
66
Can cause uniformly increased bone density, thickened small bowel folds with nodules and urticaria pigmentosa
Mastocytosis
67
Paget’s disease classically causes
Bony enlargement
68
Paget’s disease commonly occur in
Pelvis, with thickened iliopectineal line on pelvic brim
69
Distinct radiographic phases of Paget’s disease
Lytic, sclerotic and mixed lytic and sclerotic phase
70
Lytic phase of Paget disease usually present as
Sharp leading edge called flame-shaped or blade-of-grass leading edge
71
In a long bone, with sole exception of the tibia, Paget disease always starts at the
End of bone
72
Radiographic finding that patients with fluorosis often have is
Ligamentous calcification
73
Calcification of sacrotuberous ligament is said to be characteristic of
Fluorosis

Musculoskeletal Radiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions