Metabolic Components Flashcards
If pH of solution greater than pKa of ionizing side chain, what is the predominant form of side chain?
The conjugate base of the side chain predominates, it will donate a proton
If pH of solution less than pKa of ionizing side chain, what is the predominant form of side chain?
The acid of the side chain predominates
How does noncompetitive inhibitors affect K(m) and V(max)?
It decreases V(max)
It does nothing to K(m)
How does competitive inhibitors affect K(m) and V(max)?
It increases K(m)
It does nothing to V(max)
What does Michaelis constant, K(m), tell us?
When [S] = K(m) then the enzyme has a velocity that is half of V(max)
Is an anode a reducing agent or oxidizing agent?
Reducing agent
Does oxidation happen at cathode or anode?
Anode
Does reduction happen at cathode or anode?
Cathode
What is fat stored as?
Triglycerides is in fat cells
Fatty acids and glycerol make up triglycerides and are flowing around in the blood
What does the liver use to make glucose?
Glycerol broken down from fat cells (triglycerides)
Where is human red blood cells degraded?
Old cells removed from circulatory system and degraded in the spleen
Does carbon monoxide have a strong or weak affinity for hemoglobin?
Very strong affinity for the iron atoms in hemoglobin
Do enzymes alter the equilibrium of a chemical reaction?
Nope, it only works as a catalyst and increases the rate
What type of bond/interaction do substrates usually have with enzymes?
Usually they are non-covalent interactions like hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, and van der Waals interactions
What do inhibitors do?
Lower rate that substrate is converted to product
What type of reaction does oxidoreductase catalyze?
oxidation-reduction
What type of reaction does transferase catalyze?
Transfer of function groups
What type of reaction does hydrolase catalyze?
Hydrolytic cleavage using water
What type of reaction does lyase catalyze?
Addition of groups to double bonds or the reverse
What type of reaction does isomerase catalyze?
Transfer groups within molecules to give isomeric forms
What type of reaction does ligase catalyze?
bond formation coupled with ATP, usually condensation of two molecules via ligation reaction
What is the difference between hydration and hydrolysis?
Hydration is adding water to a bond. Hydrolysis is using water to break a bond.
Does enzymes destabilize or stabilize the transition state?
Stablizes the transition state to lower the barrier to activation, so the rate of reaction can increase
What does K(M) tell you? K(M) = Michaelis constant
the lower K(M) value, the higher affinity of the enzyme for its substrate
