Metabolic fuels + diet

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

sum of all chemical reactions within cells of living organisms

Providing energy for vital processes and synthesis of new molecules and tissues

Question 2

Recommended caloric range for adults

Answer 2

2-2.5k

Question 3

Defines catabolism

Answer 3

breaks down larger molecules to smaller

Question 4

Define anabolism

Answer 4

synthesis of larger molecules from smaller

Question 5

Name 4 metabolic pathways

Answer 5

FWOB

Fuel storage
Waste disposal
Oxidative processes
Biosynthesis

Question 6

Which of the 4 metabolic pathways are anabolic

Answer 6

Waste
Fuel storage
Biosyntheses

Question 7

which of the 4 pathways are catabolic

Answer 7

Biosynthesis
Oxidative processes

Question 8

What percentage of adipose tissue is fat

Answer 8

85

Question 9

name 2 metabolic pathways of the liver

Answer 9

removal of toxin
gluconeogenisis

Question 10

is insulin catabolic or anabolic

Answer 10

anabolic

Question 11

Name 3 dietary fuels

Answer 11

Carbs
Fats
Protein

Question 12

How is BMI calculates

Answer 12

Kg/m^2

Question 13

boundaries for overweight BMI

Answer 13

25-30

Question 14

Recommended intake of protein per Kg of Body weight

Answer 14

0.8kg

Question 15

approx what percentage Nitrogen is in protein

Answer 15

16

Question 16

what can be broken down in proteins to yield energy through gluconeogenesis

Answer 16

Carbon backbone

Question 17

what can be broken down in fats to yield energy through gluconeogenesis

Answer 17

glycerol backbone

Question 18

Max storage of glycogen in liver in grams

Answer 18

200

Question 19

does glycogen increase or decrease post fasting

Answer 19

decrease

Question 20

how much glycogen can be stored in muscles

Answer 20

150g

Question 21

Catabolism provides energy for anabolism T/F

Answer 21

T

Question 22

Energy per gram of Carbs

Answer 22

4 Kcal

Question 23

Energy per gram of protein

Answer 23

4 Kcal

Question 24

Energy per gram of ethanol

Answer 24

7 kcal

Question 25

Energy per Fram of fat

Answer 25

9 Kcal

Question 26

What does BMR stand for

Answer 26

Basal Metabolic Rate

Question 27

definition of BMR

Answer 27

total energy requires at rest with no movement and bodily functions

Question 28

List some conditions ESSENTIAL for measuring BMR

Answer 28

-12 hour fast -Thermo neutral environment -Physically and metal at rest -fasting from heavy activity -fasting from stimulants

Question 29

List some factors affecting BMR

Answer 29

-age -gender (small difference) -hypo and hyperthyroidism -low and high muscle mass -Increased and decreased BW -illness -chronic illness

Question 30

What does overnight starvation does to insulin and cortisol

Answer 30

decreases insulin Increases cortisol

Question 31

What are some of the effects of 4+ days of starvation

Answer 31

liver using producing ketones from fatty acids brain adapts to using ketones BMR decreases

Question 32

Define malnutrition

Answer 32

Imbalance and or deficiency of energy or specific nutrients causing measurable adverse effects

Question 33

List essential vitamins

Answer 33

C B 1,2,3,6,12 Biotin A D E K Carotenoids Folate ABBBBBBCCDEFK

Question 34

What does vitamin C do

Answer 34

collagen synthesis

Question 35

What does B 12 do

Answer 35

facilitates folate for DNA, healthy RBC production Low levels is a type of anemia Helps nerves function

Question 36

What does B1 do (Thiamin)

Answer 36

Energy production

Question 37

What does B2 do (riboflavin)

Answer 37

energy production facilitates other B vitamins

Question 38

What does B3 do (niacin)

Answer 38

facilities energy from carb, fat and protein

Question 39

What does B6 do

Answer 39

facilitates protein and glycogen, helps form haemoglobin

Question 40

What does Biotin do

Answer 40

allow body to use protein, carb and fat from food

Question 41

What does folate (folic acid) do

Answer 41

production of maintainers of DNA Reduces chances of birth defects like Spina Bifida

Question 42

What does Vitamin A do

Answer 42

vision, infection protection, healthy skin

Question 43

What does vitamin D do

Answer 43

calcium ad phosphorus, teeth and bone health

Question 44

what does vitamin E do

Answer 44

immunity + antioxidant

Question 45

What does vitamin K do

Answer 45

clotting cascade proteins dor blood, bones and kidneys