In stage 2 of catabolism, what are the small molecules from stage 1 converted into?
2-carbon acetyl-CoA
some ATP is produced
What enters the Krebs cycle where it is completely degraded to CO2 and H2O?
acetyl group of acetyl-CoA
Which cell types require glucose as an energy source?
erythrocytes
retina
renal medulla
brain
What is the initial pathway for the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?
glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+
»»>
2 pyruvate + 2 ATP +2 H2O + 2 NADH + 2 H+
What does glucose turn into before eventually pyruvate?
- fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
- 2 triose phosphates
In what stage of glycolysis is glucose trapped and destabilised?
1
What are the two cellular needs in glycolysis?
production of ATP
provision of building blocks for synthetic reactions
What are the potential control points in glycolysis?
Enzymes catalysing essentially irreversible reactions
Which enzymes are responsible for the irreversible reactions in glycolysis?
Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase
What is the key enzyme in the control of glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase
What are the negative modulators for phosphofructokinase?
ATP
citrate
H+
What are the positive modulators for phosphofructokinase?
AMP
fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
