Metabolic syndrome

Question 1

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 1

• Can slow progression to diabetes or can prevent diabetes diagnosis.
• has many components, involving elevated blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol.

Question 2

the metabolic syndrome is composed of clusters of health conditions

Answer 2

• Visceral obesity
• Hypertension
• Insulin resistance
• High triglycerides
• Low HDL cholesterol

Question 3

risk factors for metabolic syndrome

Answer 3

• central obesity
• family history
• increased age
• sedentary lifestyle
• unbalanced diet
• sleep apnea
• stress
• low HDL levels
• hypertension
• inflammation

Question 4

Manifestations of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 4

• polyuria
• polydipsia
• polyphagia
• nocturias
• recurrent infections
• prolonged wound healing
• visual changes
• fatigue, decreased energy
• HbA1c 6.5% or higher
• FPG 126mg/dL or higher

Question 5

complications and cormorbitites of metabolic syndrome

Answer 5

• insulin resistance
• hyperglycemia
• neuropathy
• blindness
• cardiac arrhythmia
• neurological disorder
• polycystic ovary syndrome
• cancer
• cardiovascular disease
• Type 2 diabetes
• stroke

Question 6

Clinical presentation of metabolic syndrome

Answer 6

Clients who have metabolic syndrome generally do not present with specific manifestations.
discovered through routine labs

Question 7

Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when three or more of the following conditions are met.

Answer 7

• Hyperglycemia requiring glucose-lowering medication therapy or fasting blood glucose of 100 mg/dL or greater, 2-hour glucose tolerance test result of 140 mg/dL or greater, or HbA1c of 5.7% or higher
• Hypertension requiring medication therapy or blood pressure of 130/85 mm Hg or greater in an office setting or 130/80 mm Hg or greater when measured at home
• Hypertriglyceridemia requiring medication therapy or triglycerides of 150 mg/dL or greater
• Decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) requiring medication therapy or low HDL (under 50 mg/dL in females, under 40 mg/dL in males)
• Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) requiring lipid-lower treatment or LDL level of 130 mg/dL or greater
• Waist circumference of 102 cm (40 in) or greater in males or 88 cm (35 in) or greater in females or a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or higher

Question 8

Treatment and Therapies for metabolic syndrome

Answer 8

• treating and preventing obesity.
• Lifestyle changes focused on increasing physical activity, smoking cessation, and a nutritious diet
• Medications are used to treat elevated lipid levels, diabetes, and hypertension.
• Metformin is sometimes used to treat insulin resistance.
• Treatment with a thiazolidinedione such as rosiglitazone (Avandia) or pioglitazone (Actos) may also be effective
• Anti-obesity medications such as orlistat (Xenical), liraglutide (Victoza), or phentermine (Adipex-P or Lomaira) may also be prescribed
• bariatric surgery