Metabolism Flashcards
Define metabolism
the TOTAL of all the chemical processes that take place in the body.
What is the difference between an anabolic and a catabolic reactions With examples
Catabolic:The process of larger molecules being broken down into smaller ones (cell respiration ) catabolic release energy
anabolic: The process of smaller molecules being built-up to bigger molecules. (Protein synthesis) anabolic require energy
What is a nutrient
A new trend is any substance in the food that is used for growth repair or maintaining the body there are six groups of nutrients water carbohydrates lipids proteins minerals and vitamins
what is an enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyse (increase the rates of) specific chemical reactions without themselves being altered.
explain the lock and key method
the lock and key method describes the action of an enzyme with a substrate
1st the enzyme and the substrate will join the enzyme at the active site
2nd they will form a enzyme substrate complex and speed up the reaction
3rd once the enzyme has speed up the the enzymes will form a enzyme product complex
4 the enzymes and products will leave the active site
how do enzymes operate
Enzymes are SUBSTRATE-SPECIFIC
Will only ever work with one specific type of molecule
Enzyme and substrate have characteristics which are complementary to one another
-Enzymes act by lowering the amount of energy required.
what is enzyme denaturing
If the shape of the active site is altered (e.g. by heating) or blocked (e.g. by a poison) the enzyme will no longer function.
It is said to be DENATURED
what kind of enzymes are found through out the body
Metabolic Enzymes
Exist within our cells and speed up chemical reactions within the cells
Digestive Enzymes
Assist in digestion of food and absorption and delivery of nutrients around the body
Food Enzymes
Ingested when food is eaten
Assists in breaking down food
Destroyed when heated
what factors affect enzymes
- the concentration of the enzyme and substrate the more concentration of enzymes the more molecules available for collisions
-temperature of enzymes the increased temperature means there is an increase
of kinetic energy but after 45-50 degrees the enzymes become denatured the optimum temp for enzymes is 37 degrees
- ph or the acidity or the basicity of the enzyme
- the presence of co enzymes Makes it COMPLEMENTARY to the substrate
what id the difference bettween a eukaryote and a prokaryote
prokaryotic (bacteria) have
no nucleus
no membrane bound organelle and eukaryote (fungi) do
how is ATP stored
one of the the adosopine molecules are pulled off the ATP molecules meaning that it turns into ATP and energy is released and a hydroxide molecule will take the place of the adenosine
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen + carbon dioxide = atp energy +water
explain the relationship between temperature and enzyme activity
low temperature few collisions therefore enzyme activity is low
temp increase activity increase means more collisions and increased activity
temp too high then activity stops due too enzyme denatured
