Metabolism

Question 1

All the biochemical reactions in an organism

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Larger molecules are built from smaller molecules

Form bonds

Glucose and amino acid > Carbohydrates and protein

Answer 2

Anabolism

Question 3

Larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules

Break bonds

Answer 3

Catabolism

Question 4

Need energy

Release eneergy

Answer 4

Endergonic

Exergonic

Question 5

Usually proteins and increase the probability of chemical reactions while being maintained

Answer 5

Enzymes

Question 6

Characteristics of enzymes (4)

Answer 6

Reusable

Highly specific

Have active site

Small amounts only

Question 7

Break down sucrose

Break down ribonucleic acid

Link nucleotides

Link NAG and NAM

Answer 7

Sucrase

Ribonuclease

Polymerase

Transferase

Question 8

Binding of 2 or more molecules together in an enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 8

dehydration reaction

Question 9

What happens in an active-site when a substrate meets it in a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 9

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Question 10

Electron shell and substrates react to form an end product by forcing to overlap

Chemical bonds in substrate are stretched or weakened to cause a break

Answer 10

Synthesis reactions

Hydrolysis reactions

Question 11

Non-protein molecules in enzymes

Answer 11

coenzyme/cofactor

Question 12

A sequence of chemical reactions of which the product of one reaction serves as the substrate for another reaction

Answer 12

Metabolic pathway

Question 13

Products of the in between stages

Answer 13

Intermediates

Question 14

Most common ways of modulating enzyme activity, the first enzyme is inhibited by the final product.

It is typical

Answer 14

Feedback inhibition

Question 15

When substrate binds to Allosteric site causing a change in shape

Answer 15

Non-competitive inhibition

Question 16

Universal energy currency

Answer 16

ATP

Question 17

A bacteria is expected to reform ATP how many times a second to survive?

Answer 17

3 000 000

Question 18

Inhibitor blocks the active site

Answer 18

Competitive inhibition

Question 19

ATP composition

Answer 19

Adenine

Ribose

3 Phosphate groups

Question 20

What holds the three phosphate groups together?

Answer 20

High Energy Bond

Question 21

ATP with no oxygen

Answer 21

Anaerobic respiration

Ex. fermentation

Question 22

Stages of aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 22

Glycolysis (2 ATP net gain)

Citric acid cycle

Oxidative phosphorylation (38 ATP)

Question 23

Oxidative phosphorylation (2)

Answer 23

Electron Transport

ATP synthesis

Question 24

Electron transport but with chlorophyll a

Answer 24

photophosphorylation

Question 25

Autotrophs that dont use light

Answer 25

Chemoautotrophs

Question 26

Use light as their energy source and performed organic compounds such as fatty acids and alcohols

Answer 26

photoheterotrophs

Question 27

Feed on dead organic matter Feed on living organic matter

Answer 27

Saprobes Parasite

Question 28

Use carbon dioxide from atmosphere as sole source of carbon, are usually photosynthetic and obtain energy from sunlight

Answer 28

Autotrophs (photosynthetic bacteria or plants)

Question 29

Must obtain carbon from their environment in form of relatively complex organic molecules like glucose

Answer 29

Heterotrophs

Question 30

Defined as the production of ATP

Answer 30

Cellular respiration

Question 31

Performs Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Answer 31

Obligate aerobes

Question 32

Occurs in bacteria who live in oxygenated environments, oxygen is consumed to make ATP Occurs in bacteria who live in environments with no oxygen, oxygen is not used to make ATP

Answer 32

Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration

Question 33

Most important carbohydrate, energy currency molecule, primary source for ATP

Answer 33

Glucose

Question 34

Outcomes of glucose (3)

Answer 34

Stored (polysaccharide or glucose) Oxidized via GLYCOLYSIS - atp pyruvate Oxidized via PENTOSE PHOSPHATE - nucleic acid NADPH

Question 35

Storage in animals Storage in plants

Answer 35

Glycogen Starch

Question 36

Production from pentose phosphate

Answer 36

Ribose 5-phosphate

Question 37

Production from glycolysis

Answer 37

Pyruvate

Question 38

Glycolysis occurs in

Answer 38

Cytoplasm

Question 39

Krebs cycle in eukaryotes Krebs cycle in prokaryotes

Answer 39

Mitochondrial matrix Cytoplasm

Question 40

ETC occurs where

Answer 40

Mitochondrial inner membrane Plasma membrane

Question 41

End product of anaerobic metabolism

Answer 41

Lactic acid

Question 42

ATP production requirements

Answer 42

Energy sources Electron Carriers Final electron acceptors

Question 43

Where does the electron transport chain occur in eukaryotic cell? What about the prokaryotic cell?

Answer 43

Mitochondria Plasma membrane

Question 44

ATP is formed where in bacteria? where in eukarya?

Answer 44

cell membrane mitochondria