metabolism

Question 1

storage of energy

Answer 1

in triglycerides & glycogen (carb storage)

Question 2

anabolism

Answer 2

body energy stores replenished during & immediately after eating

Question 3

glycogen

Answer 3

fine capacity (liver or skeletal muscle)

Question 4

triglycerides

Answer 4

huge capacity (in adipose tissue)

Question 5

catabolism

Answer 5

during fasting, triglycerides & glycogen broke down to provide continuous supply

Question 6

hypothalamus & metabolism

Answer 6

regulates behaviours (hunger, satiety)

Question 7

ARC (hypothalamus)

Answer 7

critical role in feeding behaviour, energy expenditure, senses metabolic hormones in blood

Question 8

VMH (hypothalamus)

Answer 8

critical role in feeding behaviour, energy expenditure & reproduction

Question 9

DMH (hypothalamus)

Answer 9

key role in adaptive thermogenesis & feeding behaviour

Question 10

LH (hypothalamus)

Answer 10

reply bw ARC and VMH and higher centres involved in motivation and reward

Question 11

PVH

Answer 11

controlling metabolism, GI renal and cardiovas functions

Question 12

ME (hypothalamus)

Answer 12

circumventricular organ having permeable capillaries - interface bw neural and peripeheral endocrine systems

Question 13

lesions in LH

Answer 13

caused weight loss (leaves them too satiated)

Question 14

lesions on VMH

Answer 14

caused obesity (leave insatiable)

Question 15

agrp / npy neurons

Answer 15

increase food intake
decrease energy expenditure

Question 16

POMC neurons

Answer 16

decrease food intake
increase energy expenditure

Question 17

tanycytes

Answer 17

subtype of ependymal cells (extend into hypothalamic tissue)
contact with neurons, reaching fenestrated network (tight junctions between = prevent diffusion into CSF)
controlling energy
balance and play a crucial role in regulating the access
of peripheral metabolic signals to the ARC.

Question 18

a1 and a2 tanycytes

Answer 18

along VHM & ARC surface
express GFAP

Question 19

B1 and B2

Answer 19

B1 - lateral exterior of infundibular recess
B2 - floor of ventricles
B = contact capillaries

Question 20

where are AgRP only found?

Answer 20

ARC
synthesised in NPY containing cell bodies in ARC

Question 21

what type of neurons increase after fasting?

Answer 21

agrp / npy

Question 22

what does POMC gene encode for

Answer 22

MSHs ACTH B - endorphin

Question 23

agonists of MC4R receptor

Answer 23

a-msh b-msh y-msh

Question 24

what happens when someone doesnt have MC4R

Answer 24

obesity

Question 25

mc4r in LH?

Answer 25

regulate feeding behaviour and motivated behaviour

Question 26

mc4r in PVH

Answer 26

regulate energy stores

Question 26

mc4r in PVH

Answer 26

regulate energy stores

Question 27

what is an agonist / antagonist to mc4r

Answer 27

a-msh = agonist (not hungry from pomc) agrp = antagonist (hungry from agrp)

Question 28

db/db

Answer 28

overproduce a satiety factor but dont respond to it have factor no receptor

Question 29

ob/ob

Answer 29

respond to satiety factor have receptor but no factor

Question 30

leptin

Answer 30

more fat = more leptin secreted

Question 31

leptin receptor

Answer 31

encoded by db gene (three isoforms: long, short, secretory) leptin -> LepR activates STAT3 -> pSTAT3 -> regulate gene transcription

Question 32

leptin -> agrp

Answer 32

inhibits

Question 33

leptin -> pomc

Answer 33

activates

Question 34

leptin -> pomc

Answer 34

activates

Question 35

deletion of lepR in AgRP & POMC

Answer 35

increase BW & adiposity

Question 36

insulin (what do signals to muscle/fat & liver mean?)

Answer 36

signals to muscle & fat TO uptake glucose form blood signals to liver TO stop glucogenesi

Question 37

insulin on IR

Answer 37

phosphorylation of AKT -> gene transcription and neuronal excitability

Question 38

deleted IR

Answer 38

increase BW and fat mass

Question 39

exogenous insulin signals to ?

Answer 39

agrp & pomc in arc

Question 40

endogenous insulin

Answer 40

insulin after a meal activated agrp neurons

Question 41

ghrelin

Answer 41

hunger hormone activates agrp`

Question 42

ghrelin & BBB

Answer 42

ghrelin cant diffuse across BBB so in fed state: no fenestrations = no ghrelin = no hunger fasting state: expand brain windpw = ghrelin can enter = hunger

Question 43

pomc & wat browning?

Answer 43

pomc activation = increase in browning

Question 44

agrp & wat browning?

Answer 44

inhibition of agrp = increase in wat browning

Question 45

PTP1B

Answer 45

negatively regulates LepR signalling

Question 46

TCPTP

Answer 46

negatively regulates IR signalling

Question 47

PTP1B & TCPTP + obesity?

Answer 47

increased

Question 48

increased PTP1B & TCPTP = ? wat browning & HGP

Answer 48

WAT browning decrease & HGP increase