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101-987-DW HUMAN BODY FOR NURSES III > metabolism > Flashcards

metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

what is metabolism

A

sum of all chemical reactions in living cells

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2
Q

what is energy

A

ability to produce change , do work and move matter in a spontaneous way

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3
Q

what is metabolism

A

sum of all chemical activity in living cell

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4
Q

what is energy

A

ability to do work , move matter spontaneously , produce change

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5
Q

2 types of energy

A

kinetic and potential

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6
Q

energy conversion

A

switch of energy from kinetic to potential

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7
Q

where do we get energy from

A

food

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8
Q

what happens when organic nutrients enter cell

A
  1. breakdown of nutrient for CR leading to ATP production
  2. used to synthesize large molecules
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9
Q

what do enzyme do in metabolic pathways

A

they catalyze each steps

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10
Q

2 types of MP

A

Anabolic and Catabolic

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11
Q

what are catabolic MP

A

break large molecules into small ones and energy is released

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12
Q

what are Anabolic MP

A

build large molecules form smaller ones and it needs energy

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13
Q

what elements make up our body

A

O2, H, C , Ca, P , N

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14
Q

what makes up 96 % of our weight

A

C,H,O,N

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15
Q

what makes up 2.5 % of our weight

A

Ca, P

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16
Q

what is a chemical bond

A

force of attraction between atoms

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17
Q

name the 3 types of bonds

A

covalent , ionic , Hydrogen

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18
Q

which bonds are stronger

A

Covalent and Ionic

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19
Q

which bond is weaker

A

Hydrogen

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20
Q

what are covalent bonds

A

electron shared between 2 atoms

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21
Q

which bond contains all macronutrients our body needs

A

covalent

22
Q

what is electronegativity

A

The attraction of a particular atom for the electrons in a covalent bond

23
Q

what happens if a covalent bond is too diff.

A

the bond becomes polar

24
Q

what is a polar bond

A

an unequal or exaggerated attraction or sharing of electron in a covalent bond

25
Q

what is a non polar bond

A

an equal electron sharing and the electronegativity of bonds are similar

26
Q

what is an ionic bond

A

when the electronegativity of a bond is too different , the electron is completely pulled toward an atom

27
Q

compounds created by ionic bonds are

A

SALTS

28
Q

important body ions

A

Na, K, Ca, Cl, H, HCO3( bicarbonate ) , PO4 ( phosphate)

29
Q

importance of ions

A

CR, muscle contractions and stimulation , nerve impulses ,

30
Q

what are hydrogen bonds

A

attraction between H+ and strong electro – atom

31
Q

what do H bonds do

A

support double helix of DNA by connecting N bases between the strands

32
Q

what are chemical reactions

A

when bonds are formed, rearranged or broken

33
Q

what reactions involves catabolic MP

A

exergonic

34
Q

what reactions involves anabolic MP

A

endergonic

35
Q

what is free energy

A

measure of potential energy

36
Q

what are exergonic reactions

A

release of energy when bonds are broken

37
Q

which is higher in exergonic reactions
( product or reactant )

A

reactant

38
Q

which is higher in endergonic reactions
( product or reactant )

A

product

39
Q

what is energy coupling

A

body uses energy from catabolic MP to drive anabolic MP

40
Q

what’s the link between endergonic and exergonic reactions

A

ATP ( permits transfer of energy from catabolic to anabolic )

41
Q

what is the full name of ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

42
Q

how many P bonds does ATP have

A

3

43
Q

Why does ATP have high energy bonds?

A

3 negatively charged Ps at the end of the molecule → negative charges repel each other → unstable molecule → instability = high energy

44
Q

what is phosphorylation

A

ATP transfers a group of P to another molecule to energize them

45
Q

what types of cellular work does ATP promotes

A

anabolism , active transport, mechincal work ,

46
Q

how does ATP work I transport work

A

Active transport is achieved by the phosphorylation of transport proteins which causes a conformational shape change allowing the passage of (molecule) across the membrane.

47
Q

is ATP constantly regenerated

A

yes

48
Q

how many molecules of ATP are consumed or recharged per sec

A

10 millions

49
Q

how many kg of ATP do healthy humans use per day

A

45

50
Q

but the amount present at all time is

A

1g

101-987-DW HUMAN BODY FOR NURSES III (4 decks)

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