Metabolism

Question 1

ATPs produced from anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 1

2

Question 2

ATPs produced from aerobic glycolysis

Answer 2

5or7(6or8)

Question 3

ATPs produced from each molecule of FADH2 in TCA

Answer 3

1.5 (2)

Question 4

ATPs produced from each molecule of NADH in TCA

Answer 4

2.5 (3)

Question 5

ATPs produced from complete oxidation of glucose

Answer 5

30or32(36or38)

Question 6

ATPs produced from complete oxidation of palmitate

Answer 6

106 (129)

Question 7

ATPs required to create 1 molecule of urea

Answer 7

3 ATPs but 4 high- energy bonds

Question 8

ATPs required to activate fatty acids (i.e., attach CoA)

Answer 8

2 ATP equivalents (ATPàAMP)

Question 9

ATPs required to convert ribose-5P to PRPP

Answer 9

2 ATP equivalents (ATPàAMP)

Question 10

ATPs required to attach one amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain during translation

Answer 10

4

Question 11

redominant hormone in the well fed state

Answer 11

INSULIN

Question 12

Hormone that helps maintain blood glucose levels during starvation

Answer 12

GLUCAGON

Question 13

Exert effects similar to glucagon

Answer 13

EPINEPHRINE, CORTISOL, GROWTH HORMONE

Question 14

Ratio of carbon dioxide produced/oxygen consumed

Answer 14

RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT

Question 15

Main metabolic fuel of neurons and erythrocytes

Answer 15

GLUCOSE

Question 16

Main metabolic fuel of heart muscle

Answer 16

FATTY ACIDS

Question 17

Main fuel of the skeletal and heart muscle, and alternative fuel of the brain during a fast

Answer 17

KETONE BODIES

Question 18

Percentage of the brain’s energy requirement that can be met by ketone bodies

Answer 18

20%

Question 19

Product of aerobic glycolysis Product of glycogenolysis in muscle

Answer 19

PYRUVATE

Question 20

Product of anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 20

LACTATE

Question 21

Product of glycogenolysis in liver

Answer 21

GLUCOSE

Question 22

Product of glycogenolysis in muscle

Answer 22

GLUCOSE-6- PHOSPHATE

Question 23

Building block of fatty acids and cholesterol

Answer 23

ACETYL COA

Question 24

Main substrate used for gluconeogenesis during a fast

Answer 24

GLUCOGENIC AMINO ACIDS

Question 25

Intermediate that can never be used for gluconeogenesis

Answer 25

ACETYL COA

Question 26

After 24 hours of starvation, which pathway is mainly responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels? Percentage of gluconeogenesis that occurs in the kidney during a prolonged fast

Answer 26

GLUCONEOGENESIS 40%

Question 27

Hours of fasting before glycogen stores are exhausted

Answer 27

18 hours

Question 28

Cause of death in prolonged starvation

Answer 28

CATABOLISM OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

Question 29

Metabolic effects of acute alcohol intoxication

Answer 29

HYPOGLYCEMIA LACTIC ACIDOSIS KETOACIDOSIS

Question 30

Massive increase of this molecule leads to metabolic effects of alcohol intoxication

Answer 30

NADH

Question 31

Intermediate in alcohol metabolism that causes flushing, tachycardia, hyperventilation, and nausea

Answer 31

ACETALDEHYDE

Question 32

Ketoacidosis with hyperglycemia

Answer 32

DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

Question 33

Ketoacidosis with hypoglycemia

Answer 33

PROLONGED STARVATION ALCOHOL INTOXICATION

Question 34

Critical intermediate necessary to maintain TCA cycle activity usually depleted in prolonged starvation and alcohol intake

Answer 34

OXALOACETATE

Question 35

TCA intermediate that is depleted during hyperammonemia

Answer 35

α-KETOGLUTARATE

Question 36

TCA intermediate that links it to the urea cycle

Answer 36

FUMARATE

Question 37

Formula for BMI computation

Answer 37

WEIGHT IN KG HEIGHT IN M2

Question 38

On ketogenic diet, these pathways that remain active in the liver even during the fed state

Answer 38

GLUCONEOGENESIS KETOGENESIS