Metabolism Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the term for the sum of all chemical processes in the body?
Metabolism
True or False: Metabolism includes both anabolic and catabolic reactions.
True
Which type of reaction involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones?
Catabolic reaction
What is the term for the building up of complex molecules from simpler ones?
Anabolic reaction
What is the primary source of energy for cellular metabolism?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron transport chain
What molecule is produced in the highest quantity during glycolysis?
ATP
Where does the Krebs cycle take place in the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Oxygen
What is the term for the process of breaking down glucose to release energy?
Glycolysis
What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis?
2 ATP molecules
What is the term for the total amount of energy released during the complete oxidation of glucose?
Glycolytic yield
Which molecule is known as the ‘energy currency’ of the cell?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
What is the process by which cells convert glucose into ATP in the absence of oxygen?
Anaerobic respiration
What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in humans?
Lactic acid and 2 ATP molecules
Which type of metabolism occurs during fasting or starvation?
Ketosis
What is the term for the breakdown of fatty acids to generate energy?
Beta-oxidation
What hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose into the bloodstream?
Glucagon
What is the process of using amino acids to generate energy?
Proteolysis
What is the term for the process of converting excess glucose into glycogen for storage?
Glycogenesis
Which hormone promotes the storage of excess glucose as glycogen in the liver?
Insulin
What is the primary function of metabolism in the body?
To provide energy for cellular functions
What is the term for the total amount of energy used by the body in a day?
Total energy expenditure
What is the primary determinant of an individual’s metabolic rate?
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
