Metabolism Flashcards
(22 cards)
Metabolism
The totality of an organism’s chemical reaction
Function: involves the cycling of the cell’s resources- material and energy
Endergonic reaction
An energy- requiring chemical reactions, which yields products with more potential energy than the reaction.
Exergonic reaction
An energy- releasing chemical reaction in which the reaction contain more potential energy than the products
Catabolism pathways
Release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds.
Anabolic pathway
Consume energy to build more complex molecules from simpler ones
What’s free energy
The amount of energy available to do work.
Cellular metabolism
All the chemical activities of the a cell
What’s is kinetic energy
Energy in moving( motion) or in the process of doing work sunlight
What’s potential energy
Energy of position ( energy f matter due to the position or arrangement) for example chemical bonds
What does ATP stands for
Adenosine triphosphate
The main energy source for cells.
ATP release energy when its phosphate bond are hydrolyzed
Adenosine-P-P-P( triphosphate)
Why is it relevant to energy coupling ?
ATP serves as the intermediate in these energy coupling pathways
What is ADP
Adenosine diphosphate
ATP +h2o >ADP+ Pi + energy
Adenosine -P-P( diphosphate) + P( phosphate) + energy
Describe the general meaning of the first and second laws of thermodynamics
Study of energy transformation that occurs in a collection of matter.
1st laws of thermodynamics: energy can be transferred and transformed, but it can not be created or destroyed.
2nd laws of thermodynamics: every energy transfer makes the universe more disordered
What is the function of enzymes
Catalytic proteins
Speed up the reaction without being consumed by the reactions( one of the substrates).
Speed up reaction by lowering the activation energy.
What is activation energy
The amount of energy that reactants must must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.
( energy required to starts a reaction: energy required to break the bonds in the reaction molecules)
Active site
The part of an enzyme where a substrate molecule attaches; typically, a pocket or groove on the enzyme’s surface.
Where the substrate binds to the enzyme( just a few amino acids)
Allosteric sit
A sit at which a small regulatory molecule interact with an enzyme to inhibit or activate that specific enzyme.
Inhibitors noncompetitive can turn the enzyme off
Activator( turn on enzyme)
Induced fit
The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme, caused by entry of the substrate so that it binds the substrate snugly.
Contort substrate bonds or place chemical groups of the amino acids making up the active site in position to catalyze the reaction.
Cofactors
A nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme
Coenzyme: an organic molecule serving as a cofactors. Most vitamins function as coenzyme in important metabolism reactions.
Turn on the enzyme with a substrate.
competitive inhibitors
a substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate.
A competitive inhibitors’ structure mimics that of the enzyme’s substrate.
Turn off the enzyme
Non competitive inhibitors
A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme without a entering an active site.
Changes the shape of the enzyme so that active site no longer affectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product.
What is feedback inhibition?
Weak interactions bind inhibitor and enzyme, the inhibition is reversible.
