Metabolism and Biogenetics Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is ATP, how is it formed, and how does it provide energy during metabolism
ATP is a high energy compound in the body - from food.
During metabolism, energy is released when the last phosphate group splits away from adenosine by the action of adenosine triphosphates
Primary substrate providing energy at rest? And during high intensity
Carbs and fats (oxidative system). Carbs mostly in high intensity
What is the role of PCr in energy production, and what are its limitations?
Describe the relationship between ATP and PCr during sprint exercise.
PCr in energy production allows for the replenishing of ATP, through donating a phosphate to ADP.
It is not freely available and is not used towards cellular work and is mostly used for durations less than 30 seconds.
ATP AND PCr during sprint exercise - uring sprint exercise, the body is rapidly using large amounts of energy, depleting your ATP and reducing it to ADP and P. This would trigger creatine kinase to separate P from Cr and donate it to the leftover ADP, maintaining ATP for continuous exercise in the process.
ATP-PCr
lasts 3-10 seconds
not in the presence of oxygen (anaerobic)
ATP levels ^ , CK lower
Glycolytic system
Breakdown of glucose via glycolysis
10-15 seconds or 2 minutes
Anaerobic
Starts with glucose-6 phosphate
Oxidative
Aerobic
Pyruvate provides a link between glycolysis and cellular respirations
This takes place in the mitochondria as opposed to the cytoplasm like the other systems and can come from either carbohydrates (starting with glycolysis), or fats.
Why are the ATP-PCr and glycolytic energy systems considered anaerobic?
Can act in the absence of oxygen
Role of oxygen in aerobic metabolism
Oxygen donate the electrons that transform NAD+ + H+ to NADH
Electrons + O2 form ATP
Describe the by-products of energy production from ATP-PCr, glycolysis, and
oxidation.
By-products of ATP-PCr:
Creatine, Pi, and Free energy (Pi, free energy, and ADP can be combined to form ATP)
By-products of glycolysis:
2 molecules pyruvate, 2 moles NADH, net 2 ATP
By-products of oxidation:
CHO oxidation yields H2O, CO2, 32 or 33 ATP molecules per CHO molecule
What is lactic acid and its importance
Lactic acid is a byproduct from anaerobic glycolysis
It assists in cell respiration, glucose production, and molecule signaling. When training hard your muscles rely on more oxygen than you are breathing in, relying on anaerboic respiration
Decrease acidity and act as a buffer
Type 1 muscle fibers
Fatigue resistant, slow-twitch, aerobic
Type 2 muscle fibers
Fast twitch, provide bigger and more powerful forces, but for shorter durations and fatigue quickly, anaerobic
