metabolism and nutrition L3

Question 1

catabolism=

Answer 1

break down complex organic molecules

Question 2

anabolism

Answer 2

combining simple molecules

Question 3

what are micronutrients

Answer 3

vitamins and minerals

Question 4

what supplies most the bodies needs for energy

Answer 4

carbohydrates and fats

Question 5

whats fats energy vs carbohydrates

Answer 5

fats energy density= >2x carbohydrates

Question 6

what requires glucose not fats

Answer 6

the brain

Question 7

what acts as a source of glucose in absence of carbohydrates

Answer 7

protein

Question 8

short term store of energy=

Answer 8

glycogen

Question 9

long term store of energy

Answer 9

fats

Question 10

what can humans not store

Answer 10

proteins

Question 11

glycolysis=

Answer 11

1 molecule of glucose is oxidised to 2 molecules pyruvic acid, 2ATP and 2NADH

Question 12

does glycolysis require O2

Answer 12

no

Question 13

what happens if O2 is not present after the pyruvate is formed

Answer 13

lactate is produced

Question 14

what happens in the link reaction

Answer 14

pyruvate enters mitochondria and is converted to acetyl coenzyme A
NADH and CO2 also produced

Question 15

kreb cycle 1st step

Answer 15

oxaloacetate + acetyl coA —> Citrate

Question 16

how many carbons does oxaloacetate have

Answer 16

4

Question 17

how many carbons does citrate have

Answer 17

6

Question 18

2nd stage of kreb cycle

Answer 18

citrate—> 5C substance + CO2 +NADH

Question 19

3rd stage of kreb cycle

Answer 19

5C substance —> oxaloacetate + CO2 + 2NADH + ATP + FADH

Question 20

cori cycle=

Answer 20

lactate converted back to glucose/ glycogen in liver

Question 21

fats broken into

Answer 21

fatty acids,

glycerol

Question 22

whats it called when glycerol is converted into glucose and glycogen

Answer 22

gluconeogenesis

Question 23

can fatty acids be converted into glucose and glycogen

Answer 23

NO

Question 24

how are fatty acids oxidised

Answer 24

beta-oxidation

Question 25

what is beta oxidation

Answer 25

enzymes remove 2 carbon atoms at a time and attach them to coA forming acetyl coA which can enter the kreb cycle

Question 26

what is a major source of NADPH for the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl choline

Answer 26

pentose phosphate pathway

Question 27

what is formed when there is a high rate of beta oxidation in the liver

Answer 27

ketone bodies

Question 28

what can ketone bodies do

Answer 28

can be used in most tissues including the brain to provide energy

Question 29

what has to happen to amino acids before entering the kreb cycle

Answer 29

deaminated

Question 30

where are amino acids deaminated

Answer 30

hepatocytes

Question 31

what does deamination produce

Answer 31

ammonia

Question 32

what does the liver convert ammonia into

Answer 32

urea