Metabolism Extravaganza! Flashcards
(44 cards)
What is growth metabolism?
- life generating processes
What is maintenance metabolism?
- life-sustaining processes such as
- non-growth processes
- cell structure repair
- motility
- secretion
How do microbes promote growth, the very initial steps?
- entry of carbon and energy sources is the common beginning
- if there is energy to be gained, some bacteria can probably acquire it
What are precursor metabolites and how are they made?
- precursor metabolites made from initial carbon and energy sources
- energy generated. redox reaction garnered
- reducing power generated (energy of NADPH)
What is the order of highest energy and reducing power requirements for a cell?
1) Protein
2) RNA
3) Phospholipid
4) LPS
5) Murein
6) Glycogen
What are considered building block and how are they made?
- building blocks are typically more reduced than precursor metabolites
- most microbes can synthesize all their building blacks with only 13 precursor metabolites and reducing power
What are macromolecules and how are they made?
- usually polymerizations, from building blocks
- specific macromolecules vary by species
- high energy cost: protein synthesis, DNA replication/ repair
How are cell structures made?
- made from macromolecules
- some structures require enzyme0catalyzed reactions for assembly
- translocation from manufacture site to final location
What is the order of metabolism from intake to cellular products?
Fueling products –> building blocks –> macromolecules –> structures
What are the two main ways to produce ATP?
- substrate-level phosphorylation
- ion gradients
What is Substrate-level phosphorylation?
- I don’t fucking know, look that shit up idiot
What are transmembrane Ion gradients?
- ion gradient harvest energy, as protons are transported across the membrane
- protons that exit cell want to reenter the cell, do so through ATP enzyme
- ATP synthase utilizes PMF to make ATP
What two processes should you care about the utilize ion gradients?
- respiration and photosynthesis
What is a Biochemical Pathway?
- a series of linked reactions
What is a metabolite?
- product of a reaction
what is considered an end product in a pathway?
- the final molecule(s) left at the end of a pathway
- can be linear and simple or cyclic
What does flux refer to in a biochemical pathway?
- movement through a pathway a series of pathways, changing the amount of a metabolite
What are the three main conceptual approaches to regulating metabolism?
- enzyme activity
- enzyme amount
- reactant concentration
What are some methods to regulating protein activity post-translation?
- Allosteric interactions
- Covalent modification
What is allosteric interaction in protein regulation?
- protein binds an allosteric effector which alters its conformation and activity
- modulator can be a metabolite, protein, RNA
- doesn’ bind to catalytic site
- doesn’t need to resemble enzyme substrate
What is covalent modification in protein regulation?
- phosphorylation, methylation, etc.
- reversible
Allostery in biosynthesis: What is Feeback inhibition and provide an example?
- a type of self-regulation
- inhibition of the earlier step in a pathway once enough of a certain metabolite has been produced
Allostery in fueling: how are pathways regulated in cells for fueling?
- fueling pathways are more complex
- cells try to maintain a stable energy charge (.87-.95)
- more ATP and amp = lower energy level
- lower energy level induces ATP generating pathways , decreases biosynthetic pathways
What is a catabolic reaction? anabolic?
- breaking down molecules for energy, produces many common precursors
anabolic: building up
