Metabolism & Macromolecules

Question 1

catabolism

Answer 1

reaction that involves ‘breakdown’ of molecules

Question 2

anabolism

Answer 2

reaction that involves ‘building’ of molecules

Question 3

carbohydrates

Answer 3

• Contain 2+ hydroxyl groups
• Cell protection (cellulose)
• Energy
• Building block of nucleic acids (ribose & deoxyribose)

Question 4

simple carbohydrates

Answer 4

monosaccharides & disaccharides

Question 5

complex carbohydrates

Answer 5

• oligosaccharides & polysaccharides

Question 6

example of oligosaccharides

Answer 6

• 2-10 monosaccharides
• sucrose = glucose + fructose
• lactose = galactose + fructose

Question 7

example of polysaccharides

Answer 7

• 10+ monosaccharides
• cellulose

Question 8

starch

Answer 8

• major form of carbohydrate
• found in seeds, cereal, nuts & legumes
• mixture of amylose & amylopectin

Question 9

lipids

Answer 9

• exists as large tissue (adipose)
• fund in membranes, hormones & vitamins
• hydrophobic

Question 10

2 types of fatty acids

Answer 10

Question 11

triglycerides

Answer 11

glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 12

B1 (Thiamine)

Answer 12

found in active sites of pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 13

B2 (Riboflavin)

Answer 13

precursor for coenzymes for redox reactions

Question 14

B6

Answer 14

coenzymes for amintransferases & neurotransmitters

Question 15

B12

Answer 15

enzyme in fatty acid processing

Question 16

Vitamin A

Answer 16

contained within reinas of the eye

Question 17

Vitamin D

Answer 17

calcium absoption (bone health)

Question 18

Niacin

Answer 18

precursor of NAD & NADP

Question 19

Folate

Answer 19

involved in synthesis of DNA

Question 20

Pantothenate

Answer 20

contributes to coenzyme A

Question 21

Sodium (Na+)

Answer 21

• main cation in extracellular fluids
• essential for electrical transmission
• maintains water content

Question 22

Potassium (K+)

Answer 22

• interacts with Na+ to maintain fluid balance
• electrical impulses

Question 23

Calcium (Ca2+)

Answer 23

• bones
• blood clotting

Question 24

Magnesium (Mg2+)

Answer 24

cofactor for enzymes

Question 25

Iron (Fe2+)

Answer 25

embedded proteins (oxygen & electron transport chain)

Question 26

Copper (Cu+)

Answer 26

- cofactor for cytochrome c - electron transport chain

Question 27

Zinc (Zn2+)

Answer 27

- active sites in 200 enzymes - help rid of CO2

Question 28

Manganese

Answer 28

cofactor of many enzymes in metabolism

Question 29

Chlorine (Cl-)

Answer 29

main anion in extracellular fluid (maintenance of fluid balance)

Question 30

Phosphorus

Answer 30

covalently attached to nucleic acids, ATP etc...