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roots and tissue > Metabolism, Photosynthesis, Respiration > Flashcards

Metabolism, Photosynthesis, Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

what is Respiration

A

Process by which plants, animals and fungi breaks down sugars.

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2
Q

equation for respiration

A

C6 H12 O2 + O2 + enzymes=CO2 + H2O + 36ATP

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3
Q

when does cellular respiration happen?

A

24 hours a day in active cells

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4
Q

in the cell, respiration starts in the

A

Cytoplasm, and ends in the Mitochondria

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5
Q

List the 3 major pathways of respiration

A

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

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6
Q

Glycolysis occurs in the

A

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

what does glycolysis mean?

A

Spliting of Sugar

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8
Q

what are the products of glycolysis

A

NADH
2 ATP
Pyrurvic acid

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9
Q

has the most energy

A

ATP

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10
Q

How much energy has been harvested from 1 molecule of glucose after glycolysis?

A

22% 2 ATP

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11
Q

The Krebs Cycle occurs in the

A

mitochondrial matrix

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12
Q

What is removed in the Krebs Cycle?

A

NAD

NADH2

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13
Q

What are the products of the krebs cycle

A

NADH 2
ATP
FADH 2

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14
Q

what is the byproducts of the products of the Krebs Cycle go (or where are they used?)

A

NAD (forming NADH2+), ATP, and FAD forming FADH2+)

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15
Q

What has happened to the glucose at the end of the Krebs Cycle?

A

2 ATP formed (one for each pyruvate molecule)

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16
Q

The Electron Transport Chain is located on the

A

inner membranes

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17
Q

what is passed along the Electron Transport Chain, the electrons are accepted by

A

H+, and WATER is formed

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18
Q

so, what is essential to be present in aerobic respiration?

A

Oxygen

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19
Q

The net energy gain from 1 molecule of glucose

A

39% of the original

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20
Q

What is CHEMIOSMOSIS?

A

The process of ATP Synthesis

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21
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Some organisms have metabolic patthways that allow respiration to proceed in the absence of oxygen

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22
Q

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

A

FERMENTATION

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23
Q

How much energy (amount of ATP) would a yeast cell obtain from one glucose molecule under anaerobic conditions?

A

2 ATP

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24
Q

What organism produces ethanol and carbon dioxide in ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION?

A

YEAST

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25
Name some ways man uses ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
in baking industry | in winemaking
26
What stage of respiration does not require oxygen
ANAEROBIC
27
AEROBIC
36 ATP
28
ANAEROBIC
2 ATP
29
Factors that affect the rate of respiration
Temperature Water Oxygen
30
Nitrogen Gas
Decreases cellular respiration
31
equation for photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O + SUNLIGHT + CHLOROPHYLL (+ enzymes)= C6 H2 06 (glucose) + O2 (+H2O)
32
Photosynthesis is an energy transformation
it transforms LIGHT ENERGY into CHEMICAL ENERGY
33
Once the energy is transformed, it is stored as
CARBOHYDRATES
34
Give two reasons why PHOTOSYNTHESIS is important
Basis of food chain on earth. | life could not survive w/out
35
What part of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in Photosynthesis?
VISIBLE LIGHT
36
What are the two characteristics of visible light?
PHOTONS | more in WAVELENGTHS
37
We perceive different wavelengths of light as
DIFFERENT COLORS
38
Leaves are green because they absorb
BLUE-VIOLETS and ORANGE- REDS wavelengths
39
living organisms reflect what color
GREEN
40
WAVELENGTHS that have MORE ENERGY
PURPLE LIGHT XRAYS SHORT WAVELENGTHS
41
What are the 3 pigments in plants that absorb light
CHLOROPHYLL A CHLOROPHYLL B CAROTENOIDS
42
What is the importance of the absorption spectrum?
ability to absorb light by a plant useful light for photosynthesis
43
Why photosynthesis and respiration work together with one another
products of photosynthesis (sugars and O2) are used in respiration to produce ATP that powers most cellular work
44
what are the two major phases of photosynthesis
LIGHT REACTIONS | CALVIN CYCLE
45
Photochemical phase (light energy is turned into chemical energy)
LIGHT REACTIONS
46
Biochemical phase (fixation of CO2 to form sugars)
CALVIN CYCLE
47
VERY SPECIFICALLY, Where do the light Reactions occur?
THYLAKOID MEMBRANE
48
Thylakoid Membrane
with in the CHLOROPLAST
49
What is a light-harvesting antennae complex?
hundred chlorophyll and carotenoid molecules which make up a light harvesting antennae
50
The light reactions are composed of 2 photosystems. which one occurs 1st?
Photosystem II
51
What are the 2 products formed in Photosystems 2.
ATP | OXYGEN
52
Where do the electrons come from that replace the ejected electrons of the reaction center?
(SPLITTING WATER) what is this process called?(PHOTOLYSIS) why is this process so important((produce)OXYGEN)
53
when ATP is made in photosynthesis, we call it
Photophophorylation
54
what is formed (the product) in Photosystem 1?
NADH2
55
what is stored in this product(NADH2)
ENERGY
56
where does this product go or where is it used? (NADPH2)=(ENERGY)
used to make SUGAR
57
So the 3 products of the LIGHT REACTION are?
(a) OXYGEN (b) ATP (c) NADPH2
58
Now lets review the second phase of photosynthesis. it is called
The CALVIN CYCLE
59
DARK REACTIONS
The CALVIN CYCLE
60
What happens in the CALVIN CYCLE / DARK REACTIONS phase
Uses carbon CO2 to make sugar
61
Where does this phase take place?
STROMA
62
What products from the light reaction are used in the second phase?
ATP | NADPH
63
Where does the carbon come from to make sugar?
ATMOSPHERE
64
What is the final product of the second phase of photosynthesis
SUGAR/ GLUCOSE
65
CAM
Desert/cacti, They open there stoma at night, Separated in time
66
C4
TROPICAL/SUB, CORN, sugar 1 more carbon compound Separated in space
67
TRANSPIRATION
Defined as the process of less of water vapor from the internal leaf atmosphere
68
what is the path of water movement in transpiration?
As transpiration occurs in the leaf it creates a cohesive pull on the whole water column downward to the roots, where water is absorbed from the soil
69
more than 90% of water a plant absorbs is lost via transpiration?
This evaporative water loss occurs mainly through the stoma
70
What regulates transpiration?
GUARD CELLS
71
How do guard cells open
Stomata are generally open during daylight and closed at night
72
What is the basis of transpiraton?
TRANSPIRATION, COHESIION, ADHESION
73
Attraction of water molecules to each other
COHESION
74
Water molecules also adhere to the walls of tracheids and vessel elements
Adhesion
75
The Transpiration-cohesion Hypothesis
The upward movement of water is driven by TRANSPIRATION, COHESION, ADHESION,
76
ADHESION
is the attachment of water molecules to the walls of tracheids and vessel elements
77
COHESIOON
is the attraction of water molecules to one another.
78
prevents the column of water in the xylem from breaking?
COHESION
79
overrides gravity
ADHESION
80
Place where sugar is used or stored for (later use)
SINK
81
Place where sugar is made or stored
SOURCE
82
The movement of sugar in phloem flows from a
(SOURCE) to a (SINK)
83
What actually causes sugar to move through the plant?
Pressure build up pushes it threw
84
CATABOLIC REACTION
is one in which a compound is broken down. (it releases) an input of energy
85
ANABOLIC REACTION
is one in which a compound is synthesized. (requires) an input of energy
86
in an energy transformation, a molecule gains electrons. This is called
Reduction Reaction
87
if a molecule loses electrons during a reaction, it is called
OXIDATION
88
Which has more energy, a reduced or oxidized molecule?
REDUCED
89
NADH
has the most energy
90
following reaction will release energy
ATP -> ATP + PO4 + ENERGY
91
What are the two most important energy transformations?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS | RESPIRATIONS

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