METALANGUAGE

Question 1

Phonetics and phonology

Answer 1

Sounds

Question 2

Morphology and lexicology

Answer 2

Words

Question 3

Syntax

Answer 3

Sentences

Question 4

Semantics

Answer 4

Meaning

Question 5

Discourse

Answer 5

Whole text

Question 6

5 Speech processes

Answer 6

• Elision
• Reduction
• Insertion/ Epenthesis
• Flapping
• assimilation

Question 7

Elision

Answer 7

omission or loss of sound
because –> ‘cause
about –> ‘bout

Question 8

Epinthesis/ Omission

Answer 8

adding sounds
athlete –> ath-e-lete
umbrella –> um-ber-ella

Question 9

Reduction

Answer 9

ya-> unstresses vowel phoneme /u/ reduced to a schwa /a

Question 10

Flapping

Answer 10

footy –> foody

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

sound changes or merge ro sound like nearby sounds
handbag –> hambag
going to –> gonna

Question 12

Alliteration

Answer 12

Phonological paterning
Sequence of words that use the same constant sound in the beginning
eg. deliberate and deadly

Question 13

Nouns

Answer 13

Name of person place or thing

Common : General things you can see and touch

Proper: begin with a capital letter

Abstract: cannot see or touch

Question 14

verbs

Answer 14

doing being or having word

Question 15

infinitives

Answer 15

to ___(verb)___

Question 16

auxiliary verbs

Answer 16

to have – has/ have/ had
to be- am/is/are/ was/ were
to do- did

Question 17

modal verbs

Answer 17

may/ must/ might
can/ could
shall/ should
will/ would

Question 18

Adverbs

Answer 18

often end in -ly
yes
time : now/ soon/ often/ never
place : here/ somewhere/ outside

Question 19

interjection

Answer 19

words that have emotional meaning
eg. wow/ yuck/ oi

Question 20

‘i’

Answer 20

1st person subject singular PN

Question 21

‘you’

Answer 21

2nd person subject PN

Question 22

‘we’

Answer 22

1st person subject plural PN

Question 23

Determiners

Answer 23

come before nouns

Question 24

coordinating conjunctions

Answer 24

For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So

Question 25

subordinating conjunctions

Answer 25

after/ although/ as however/ therefore/ while

Question 26

Inflectional morphemes

Answer 26

Indicate tense/ number/ relationships

Question 27

Derivational morphemes

Answer 27

Indicate word class and meaning

Question 28

Diminutives

Answer 28

indicate a friendly, laid back attitude to something or someone. end in ie/y/o

Question 29

5 Word Formation processes

Answer 29

- initialisms eg. OMG - Acronyms eg. YOLO - Compounding eg. holiday - Affixation eg. iPad - Blends eg. brunch

Question 30

4 Sentence structures

Answer 30

1. simple 2. compound 3. complex 4. compound- complex

Question 31

Simple sentences

Answer 31

1 verb phrase

Question 32

Compound sentences

Answer 32

2+ verb phrases + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) / semi colon joining ALL clauses

Question 33

Complex sentences

Answer 33

2+ verb phrases

Question 34

Compound - complex sentence

Answer 34

3+ verb phrases + SOME clauses joined with coordinating conjunction/ semi colons

Question 35

4 Sentence Types

Answer 35

Declarative Imperative Exclamative Interrogative

Question 36

Passive voice

Answer 36

verb phrase: to be by...

Question 37

Syntatic patterning

Answer 37

Paralelism Antithesis Listing

Question 38

Antithesis

Answer 38

mirrored structures with contrasting words/ideas eg. give me liberty, give me death

Question 39

Nominilstaion

Answer 39

verb--> noun eg. suggests --> suggestion

Question 40

information flow

Answer 40

Front focus End focus Clefting

Question 41

It Cleft

Answer 41

dummy subject ( it ) + verb + relative pronoun + clause eg. it was alice who kicked the winning goal

Question 42

what cleft

Answer 42

what + SNcl + verb + Noun phrase eg. what i really want are answers

Question 43

features of spoken discourse

Answer 43

Interogative tags Discourse particles Opening/closings Overlapping speech Non fluency features Adjacency pairs

Question 44

Non-fluency features

Answer 44

pauses filled pauses/voiced hesitations false starts repetition repairs

Question 45

strategies in spoken discourse

Answer 45

Topic management Turn taking Floor Minimal responses/backchaneling

Question 46

examples of turn-taking

Answer 46

rising and falling intonation vocatives interogative tags discourse markers + particles

Question 47

minimal responses/ backchanneling

Answer 47

eg. mm/ yep/ oh

Question 48

semantic patterning

Answer 48

figurative language

Question 49

denotations

Answer 49

literal meaning

Question 50

connotations

Answer 50

suggestions that come to mind when the word is used

Question 51

Anaphoric reference

Answer 51

PN is used to refer to the previous NP