Metalanguage

Question 1

Elision

Answer 1

omission of sounds or syllables eg: interesting -> intresting

Question 2

vowel reduction

Answer 2

unstressed sound change
eg: were -> wa

Question 3

insertion

Answer 3

adding sounds
eg: drink a bottle

Question 4

flapping

Answer 4

voicing midvoiceless sounds
eg: water -> wader

Question 5

Assimilation

Answer 5

sound changes to resemble near by sounds
eg: pancake -> pangkake

Question 6

hypocoristic suffixation

Answer 6

shortening of a word and adding a suffix
relative-> relo
barbeque-> barbie

Question 7

reduplication

Answer 7

rhyming patterning
eg: okey dokey, School Shmool

Question 8

slang

Answer 8

metaphor, assimilation, word play, shortening -> shows familiararity

Question 9

swearing

Answer 9

exclamatory interjection- ‘shit!’
insult- ‘i cant belive this shit’
social functions- ‘how the fuck are ya?’
dysphemism- tight arse

Question 10

dysphemism

Answer 10

magnifies unpleasant meaning
cause offence for humour or abuse

Question 11

taboo

Answer 11

socially prescbribed as improper/ unacceptable

Question 12

ellipsis

Answer 12

grammatical elements omitted
eg: ‘/ you going?’

Question 13

non-standard subject- verb agreement

Answer 13

verb and subject dont agree
‘we was just talkin’

Question 14

determiner

Answer 14

Articles (such as ‘a’, ‘an’, and ‘the’)
Possessive Determiners (such as ‘my’, ‘your’, ‘his’, ‘her’, ‘its’, ‘our’ and ‘their’)
Demonstrative Determiners (such as ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘those’ and ‘these’)
Quantifiers (such as ‘some’, ‘a few’, ‘many’, ‘a little’, ‘little’, ‘few’, ‘none’, etc)

Question 15

pronouns

Answer 15

Subject pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they)
Object pronouns (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them)
Possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)

Question 16

Jakobson’s function

Answer 16

1. refeterential
2. conative
3. phatic
4. emotive
5. poetic
6. metalinguistic

Question 17

referential function

Answer 17

provides info eg: the bus leaves in 5 mins

Question 18

conative function

Answer 18

engages adressee eg; can you open the door

Question 19

phatic function

Answer 19

displays social connection eg: hi maiya how are you

Question 20

emotive function

Answer 20

discuss desires, feelings
eg: wow, what a view!!!!

Question 21

metalinguistic function

Answer 21

discuss language itself eg: nouns

Question 22

poetic function

Answer 22

used to give beauty/ discourse aesthetic purposes
eg: to be or not to be

Question 23

discourse FEATURES

Answer 23

discourse particles/ markers
openings/ closing
overlapping speech
nonfluency features- pauses, voiced hesitations, false starts, repetitions, repair
adjacency pairs, minimal responses, backchanneling

Question 24

discourse STRATEGIES

Answer 24

topic management
turn taking
management of repair sequences
code switching as a marker of group membership and belonging

Question 25

openings

Answer 25

ritualistic and expected- hi how are you? protocols/ scripted- hello welcome to life insurance discourse structure spontaneous/ planned informal/ formal

Question 26

adjacency pairs

Answer 26

q + a response offer + refusal/ acceptance statement/ acknowledgement

Question 27

turn taking

Answer 27

rising/ falling intonation altered volume/ pace direct signals- vocative body lang

Question 28

taking the floor

Answer 28

increased volume stress intake of breath discourse particles vocatives vocal effects overlap

Question 29

topic management

Answer 29

Interogatives, declaratives, imperatives noun phrase, fragments topic loop

Question 30

holding the floor

Answer 30

filler, voiced hesitations eg: um, ah ,er prosodics- elongation of sound, pace, rising intonation, volume

Question 31

non fluency features

Answer 31

pauses repetition apologies- discourse breakdown false start- beginning running repair- middle fillers/ voiced hes

Question 32

back channeling

Answer 32

minimal response listening sounds- mm, ahh, um ---> encouragement, agreement, support and understanding