Metalanguage (vocab) Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Discuss
A
evaluate (balanced argument)
2
Q
Persuade
A
your opinion, stronger on one side of argument including counter argument.
3
Q
Passive
A
Discursive - not personal, objective.
4
Q
Active
A
Persuading - Opinion, close, personal.
5
Q
Declarative
A
Statement.
6
Q
Interogative
A
Question.
7
Q
Lexis
A
Word.
8
Q
Semantics
A
Meaning.
9
Q
Metalanguage
A
Using associated terminology and coherent written expression.
10
Q
Dialect
A
Variation in words and structures associated with a particular geographical region.
11
Q
Accent
A
Variation in pronounciation associated with a particular geographical region.
12
Q
Sociolect
A
Variation in language use is associated with membership of a particular social group.
13
Q
Idiolect
A
Variation in language use associated with an individual’s personalised ‘speech style.’
14
Q
Discourse Event
A
- an act of communication occurring in a specific time and location involving writers/speakers and readers/listeners.
- Enables you to explore how texts are produced and received in specific times and places by real people with beliefs and intentions using language to express and understand their ideas and meanings.
15
Q
utterance
A
a segment of speech
16
Q
text producers
A
person or people responsible for creating a text. (through writing or speaking)
17
Q
text receiver
A
the person or people interpreting (through reading or listening) to a text.
18
Q
multi purpose text
A
a text which clearly has more than one purpose.
19
Q
primary purpose
A
the main and most easily recognisable purpose.
20
Q
secondary purpose
A
an additional and perhaps more subtle purpose.
21
Q
implied reader
A
a constructed image of an idealised reader.
22
Q
actual reader
A
any person or groups of people who engage with and interpret a text.
23
Q
implied writer
A
a constructed image of an idealised writer.
24
Q
actual writer
A
the ‘real’ person or people responsible for text production.
25
discourse community
a group of people with shared interests and belief systems who are likely to respond to texts in similar ways.
26
mode
the physical channel of communication either speech or writing
27
oppositional view
a way of defining the difference between modes by arguing that they have completely different features.
28
continuum
a sequence in which elementsthata re next to each other are not noticeably different but elements at the opposite ends are very different from each other.
29
blended mode
a text which contains conventional elements of both speech and writing.
30
prototype model
a model of looking at differences within a category or mode by thinking about typical and less typical examples.
31
genre
a way of grouping texts based on expected shared conventions
32
intertextuality
a process by which texts borrow from or refer to conventions of other texts for a specific purpose and effect
33
variation
the differences associated with particular instances of language use and between groups of language users.
34
register
a variety of language that is associated with a particular situation of use
35
situation of use
a specific place, time, and context in which communication takes place.
36
situational characteristics
a key characteristic of the time, place and contexts in which communication takes place.
37
dialect
variation in words and structures associated with a particular geographical region
38
accent
variation in pronunciation associated with a particular geographical region
39
sociolect
variation in language use associated with membership of a particular social group
40
idiolect
variation in language use associated with an individuals personalised 'speech style'
41
representation
the portrayal of events, people and circumstances through language and other meaning - making resources (images and sound) to create a way of seeing the world.
42
word class
a group of words that fulfil the same kind of role and function in speech and writing.
43
noun
a word that names a thing or concept
44
verb
a word that shows a state of being, action or concept.
45
adjective
a word that modifies a noun
46
adverb
a word that modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb.
47
open (or lexical) word class
a word class that is generally open to new membership
48
closed (or grammatical) word class
a word class which doesn't readily admit new members; a word class that is generally open to new membership.
49
pronoun
a word which substitutes for a noun
50
determiner
a word that adds detail or clarity to a noun
51
preposition
a word that shows connections between other words often showing a sense of place or time
52
conjunction
a word that connects larger structures such as phrases, clauses and sentences.
53
semantic field
a h=group of words with the same kind of role and function in speech nd writing.
54
collocates
words that typically appear together
55
fixed expression
a well-used group of words that becomes accepted and used as one long structure
56
synonym
a word that has an equivalent meaning to another word
57
euphemism
a more socially acceptable word or phrase.
58
dysphemism
using a blunt or direct word instead of more polite indirect alternative, close to taboo
59
antonyms
words that have opposite meanings
60
hyponymy
the way of viewing the relationship between more general and specific words.
61
morphology
the study of word formation
62
syntax
the study of how words form larger structures such as phrases, clauses and sentences
63
descriptive
taking an approach to language study that focusses on how language is actually used
64
prescriptive
taking an approach to language study that focusses on rules and notions of correctness.
65
root
a morpheme that can stand on its own and usually form a word in its own right
66
suffix
a morpheme that comes after a root word to modify its meaning
67
prefix
a morpheme that goes before a root word to modify its meaning
68
affix
the overall term for an addition to a root (a prefix or suffix) to modify its meaning or create a new word (abso-blooming-lutely)
69
inflectional function
the way that an affix shows a grammatical category such as a verb tense or a plural noun.
70
derivational function
the way that an affix helps form a new word by attaching itself to a root.
71
noun phrase
a group of words built around a noun
72
verb phrase
a group of words built around a head- main verb
73
head word
the main noun in the phrase
74
pre-modifier
a word that goes before the head noun to add detail or clarify some aspect of it
75
qualifier
an additional word or phrase that adds some further detail to the noun
76
post-modifier
a word that comes after the head noun to add detail or clarify some aspect of it.
77
primary auxiliary verb
an auxiliary verb that joins with a main verb to show tense
78
modal auxiliary verb
an auxiliary verb that joins the main verb to show the degree of commitment towards an event or person that a speaker holds.
79
clause
groups of words centered around a verb phrase
80
coordination
the joining of two clauses that gives the equal weighting
81
subordination
the joining of two clauses that gives one clauses (main) more weighting than another clause - or clauses(subordinate clauses)
82
adverbial clause
a subordinate clause that functions as an adverbial
83
noun clause
a subordinate clause that functions as a subject, object or complement.
84
active voice
agent in subject position for prominence; verb phrase in present or past tense.
85
passive voice
agents omitted or placed later in the clause using a prepositional phrase; verb phrase changes to a form of to be + participle form.
86
orthographic sentence
a sentence marked by a capital letter and fulls top but containing no verb
87
phonology
the area of study that refers to the more abstract sounds system.
88
phonetics
the area of study that is concerned with investigating how sounds are actually produced by language users
89
prosodics
the study of how speakers can shape meanings through emphasising certain aspects of intonation, speed and volume.
90
international phonetic alphabet
a system for showing the different sounds possible
91
heterophones
words that have the same spelling but very different pronunciations and meanings
92
homophones
words that are pronounced the same but have a different meaning and may have different spelling e.g their and there.
93
articulators
the vocal organs above the larynx including the lips, teeth tongue and hard palate that help form consonant sounds
94
dipthong
a vowel sound that is the combination of two separate sounds, where a speaker moves from one to another
95
sound iconicity
the matching of sounds= to an aspect of meaning
96
consonance
a pattern of repeated consonant sounds for effect
97
assonance
a pattern of repeated vowel sounds for effect
98
sibilance
a pattern of repeated fricative sounds especially /s/ for effect
99
lexical onomatopoeia
words that have some associated meaning between their sound and what they represent
100
non-lexical onomatopoeia
'non-words' that nonetheless are intended to signify some meanings through their sound
101
phonological manipulation
making creative changes in sound patterns to give certain effects
102
minimal pair
two words that differ in only one single sound.
103
layout
the physical organisation of a text
104
iconic sign
a sign or image that is a direct picture of the thing it represents
105
symbolic sign
a sign or image where an associated meaning is drawn from some shared degree of knowledge.
106
typographical feature
a feature related to the use of fonts in texts
107
multimodal text
a text which relies on the interplay of different codes - visual and written - to shape meaning.
