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chem ! > metals ! > Flashcards

metals ! Flashcards

1
Q

physical properties of metals !

A 
high melting boiling points
malleable & ductile
good conductors of heat & electricity 
strong and shiny
high density
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2
Q

alloys !

A

mixture containing metal + other elements

  • brass (Cu, Zn)
  • stainless steel (Fe, Ni, C, Cr)
  • steel (Fe, C)
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3
Q

alloy properties + why alloys !

A 
harder & stronger 
enhances appearance of metal 
makes metal more resistant to corrosion 
lowers melting point : reduces energy to melt electrolyte for electrolysis 
less malleable
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4
Q

steel !

A

high carbon steel : strong but brittle
low carbon steel : hard, strong & malleable

  • stainless steel : highly resistant to corrosion, durable
  • manganese steel : strong & hard
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5
Q

structure of metals !

A

atoms are arranged in neat layers : lie on top of one another
- easy for layers to slide over each other when force is applied -> malleable + ductile

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6
Q

structure of alloys !

A

different atomic sizes : disrupts regular arrangement of metal layers
- atoms : unable to slide past each other easily

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7
Q

metal reactivity series !

A 
K
Na
Ca 
Mg 
C
Al
Zn
Fe
Pb
H
Cu
Ag
Au
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8
Q

metal + water

A
  • > metal hydroxide + hydrogen

- metals below Mg do not react with water

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9
Q

metal + HCl

A
  • > metal chloride + hydrogen

- metals below lead do not react with HCl

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10
Q

metal + steam

A
  • > metal oxide + hydrogen

- metals below iron do not react with steam

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11
Q

metal + water vs metal + steam

A

similarity : both produce H2
diff 1 : steam -> more vigorous
diff 2 : steam -> metal oxide, water -> metal hydroxide

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12
Q

displacement reactions !

A

more reactive metal displaces less reactive metal from its salt solution

  • metals from salt solution
  • metallic oxides from reactive metals
  • reduction of metal oxides with carbon : oxides of metals above Zn cannot be reduced by carbon (lower than carbon can be reduced)
  • reduction of metal oxides with hydrogen : oxides of metals above Cu cannot be reduced by hydrogen (lower than hydrogen can be reduced)
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13
Q

stability of metal oxide

A

more reactive a meatal -> more stable the metal oxide is

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14
Q

thermal decomposition of metal carbonates !

A
  • > metal oxide + hydrogen
  • more reactive a metal is, the greater the thermal stability of metal carbonate

metal carbonates above Ca : thermally stable, unaffected by heat
Ca to Cu : -> metal oxide + CO2
Ag : silver oxide + CO2 + O2

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15
Q

extraction of metals !

A

reactive metals : K to Al
- electrolysis

moderatelt reactive metals : Zn to Ag
- reducing agents (carbon)

unreactive metals : Au
- often found in its native state

CARBON : NIL

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16
Q

extracting iron ! pt1

A

extracted from ore in blast furnace : haematitie -> containing Iron 3 oxide, clay & sand

  • haematitie (iron ore), limestone (CaCO3), coke (carbon) : fed at the top of the furnance
  • hot air : fed into furnance near the bottom
  • temp : 1500 celsius
  • molten + slag : collected at bottom of furnance -> slag is less dense than iron -> float on top of molten iron
17
Q

extracting iron ! p2

A
  1. C (s) + O2 (g) -> CO2
  2. CO2 (g) + C (s) -> CO (g) : carbon monoxide - reducing agent
  3. Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) -> 2Fe (liquid) + 3CO2 (g) : CO reduces Fe2O3 -> molten iron
  4. CaCo3 (s) -> CaO (s) + CO2 (g) : limestone is added & will decompose to form CaO (basic)
  5. CaO (s) + SiO2 (s) -> CaSiO3 (liquid) : CaO (basic) will neutralise acidic impurity SiO2 -> CaSiO3 slag
18
Q

extracting iron ! p3

A

hot waste gases containing CO, CO2 & N2 (from air) : escape through top of furnance

19
Q

rusting !

A

process where iron/steel is oxidised to hydrated iron 3 oxide (rust)
- exothermic reaction

20
Q

rust prevention ! p1

A

use protective layer : place barrier around metal

  • coat with paint/grease
  • cover with plastic
  • electroplating with tin, chromium, copper, silver

-> layer stops O2 & H2O from reaching iron -> no rust

21
Q

rust prevention ! p2

A

sacrifical protection : sacrificing a more reactive metal which will corrode preferentially instead of iron
- galvanising : coating Zn on surface to prevent air and moisture from reaching iron/steel

22
Q

reasons for recycling !

A

metals : finite resources

- limited, will can used up one day

23
Q

advantages of recycling !

A

envionmentally : prolong supply of metal, reduces amt of discarded wastes in landfills -> reduce environmental pollution
economically : saves cost of digging up huge landfills

24
Q

disadvanatges of recycling !

A

economically : overall cost of recycling is more than extracting metals
social : not a lifestyle easily adopted by everyone
environmentally : can cause pollution

chem ! (5 decks)

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