metals

Question 1

metals lose electrons to….

Answer 1

metals lose electrons to become positive ions

Question 2

more reactive = loses electrons more easily

Question 3

alkali metals (group1) are soft, shiny,react with 02 easily, stored in oil

Question 4

what happens when lithium reacts w water

Answer 4

effervescence, moving slowly

Question 5

what happens when sodium reacts w water

Answer 5

moves around more, fizzes more, melts - turns into a sphere

Question 6

what happens when potassium reacts w water

Answer 6

lights up lilac, still, fizzes vigorously, moves and floats, produces hydrogen

Question 7

why do elements in the same group all react in a similar way?

Answer 7

due to having the same number of outer shell electrons

Question 8

group one loses 1 electron whereas group 2 loses 2 electrons ect

Question 9

as you go down group 1 & 2 does reactivity increases or decrease

Answer 9

increases

Question 10

metal + water ->

Answer 10

metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hyrdogen

Question 11

what happens when calcium reacts w acid

Answer 11

temp change - rlly warm, effervescence, fizzes the most, white solid formed

Question 12

what happens when copper reacts w acid

Answer 12

nothing

Question 13

what happens when magnesium reacts w acid

Answer 13

heats up - not as much as calcium, effervescence - less than calcium.dissolved,

Question 14

what happens when zinc reacts w acid

Answer 14

slight bubble

Question 15

metal + acid ->

Answer 15

metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen

Question 16

what are reactions called if they release heat energy

Answer 16

exothermic reaction

Question 17

group 1 metals are to reactive to add to acid in the lab

Question 18

properties of metals and use

Answer 18

heat conductor, high melting point - pots and pans
electrical conductor - wires and chargers
ductile
strong, hard - construction
malleable, sonorous - musical instruments

Question 19

when does a displacement reaction occur

Answer 19

a displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal in a metal compound

Question 20

metals further apart in terms of reactivity will….

Answer 20

metals further apart in terms of reactivity will have a more vigorous reaction compared to metals closer together

Question 21

reactivity series order and acronym to remember it

Answer 21

Potassium,sodium,lithium,calcium,magnesium,aluminium
,carbon,zinc,iron,tin,lead,hydrogen,copper,sliver,gold,platinum
please sir lancelot can my african crazy african zebra inspect the lab he can smell green pickles

Question 22

metal ore definition

Answer 22

naturally occurring rocks that contain metal compounds with enough metal to make it economically worth extracting

Question 23

native state definition and 3 examples

Answer 23

metal found uncombined in nature e.g. silver, platinum and gold

Question 24

how can metals be extracted

Answer 24

using carbon in a reduction reaction

Question 25

for reduction using carbon whats the only way it works

Answer 25

this only works with metals below carbon

Question 26

using carbon advantage and disadvantage

Answer 26

cheap CO2 - main contributor to global warning

Question 27

how can metals above carbon be extracted

Answer 27

electrolysis

Question 28

whats OILRIG

Answer 28

oxidation is loss of electrons reduction is gain of electrons

Question 29

when atoms lose or gain electrons to form ions they can be...

Answer 29

reduced or oxidised

Question 30

is this reduction or oxidation Ca --> Ca2+ + 2e-

Answer 30

Ca has lost 2 electrons (oxidation)

Question 31

if there r more things on the left side of the reaction is it reduction or oxidation

Answer 31

reduction

Question 32

porous rock definition

Answer 32

a rock that can absorb water between grains

Question 33

sedimentary rock definition

Answer 33

porous rock formed by the deposition and cementation of material over millions of years

Question 34

non porous rock definition

Answer 34

a rock with no space between grains to absorb water

Question 35

what r the 3 fossil fuels and what r they

Answer 35

crude oil, coal and natural gas - all finite

Question 36

whats the formation of crude oil and natural gas

Answer 36

plankton die and fall to the bottom of the sea. they are buried under sediment in anaerobic conditions. They are subjected to high temp and pressure. the process takes millions of years

Question 37

whats the formation of coal

Answer 37

carbon dioxide absorbed during photosynthesis by tree is the make up of coal. these trees die and are buried under the sedement in anaerobic conditions. they are then compressed under high temp for millions of years

Question 38

whats crude oil made up of

Answer 38

crude oil is made up of many different hydrocarbons

Question 39

hydrocarbon definition

Answer 39

a molecule made up of carbon and hydrogen

Question 40

a group of hydrocarbons is called

Answer 40

alkanes

Question 41

whats alkenes general formula

Answer 41

CnH2n+2

Question 42

alkenes are also ...

Answer 42

theyre also saturated they contain single bonds only. there are no c to c double bonds

Question 43

what does distillation seperate

Answer 43

distillation separates liquids based on their different boiling points

Question 44

what does fractional distillation separate

Answer 44

seperates out crude oil into multiple fractions

Question 45

what happens in fractional distillation

Answer 45

crude oil is heated and fed into the bottom of a fractioning column where it is vapourised. the fractioning column is hot at the bottom and cooler at the top - temp gradient. the vapours rise up until they reach their boiling point and condense. the fractions seperate at different levels due to diff boiling points. some fractions remain as gases whereas other fractions do not evaporate when heated

Question 46

flammability definition

Answer 46

the ability to set on fire

Question 47

viscosity definition

Answer 47

the "stickiness" of a substance ( thickness of liquid)

Question 48

volatility definition

Answer 48

ease of evaporation

Question 49

as carbon chain length increases boiling point... flammability... viscosity.... volatility...

Answer 49

boiling point increases flammability decreases viscosity increases volatility decreases

Question 50

uses of alkanes:

Answer 50

main use is fuel it can also be used as a feedstock

Question 51

whats feedstock

Answer 51

a chemical used to make other chemicals

Question 52

crude oil can be used to make...

Answer 52

solvents,lubricants, polymers and detergents

Question 53

whats the variety of natural and synthetic compounds are due to...

Answer 53

the variety of natural and synthetic compounds are due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds

Question 54

combustion definition

Answer 54

release of energy

Question 55

complete combustion - lots of O2 products

Answer 55

carbon dioxide and water

Question 56

incomplete combustion is lacking in... and products

Answer 56

lacking in oxygen products - water,carbon monoxide, carbon (soot)

Question 57

what are alkenes

Answer 57

another family of hydrocarbons

Question 58

general formula of alkenes

Answer 58

CnH2n

Question 59

alkenes have a what to what bond and what does it mean

Answer 59

alkenes have a carbon to carbon double bond this means they are unsaturated

Question 60

whats the test for unsaturation

Answer 60

test add bromine water result: decolourised from orange to colourless

Question 61

the double bond in alkenes makes them more what

Answer 61

more reactive

Question 62

uses of alkenes

Answer 62

polymers, plastics,detergents,alcohol and solvents

Question 63

hydrocarbons can be cracked (broken down) from

Answer 63

hydrocarbons can be cracked from long chained hydrocarbons in to smaller more useful hydrocarbons that are in higher demand this is called cracking

Question 64

cracking is an example of what

Answer 64

cracking s an example of thermal decomposition

Question 65

conditions of cracking

Answer 65

catalytic cracking - high temp pottery chips catalyst ( or Al2O3 or SiO2)

Question 66

whats a catalyst

Answer 66

a substance that speeds up the rate but doesnt get used up