metals

Question 1

list 3 physical properties of metals?

Answer 1

1. conducts heat and electricity
2. high melting and boiling point
3. malleable and ductile

Question 2

list 3 chemical properties of metals?

Answer 2

1. reacts with water
2. reacts with acid
3. reacts with oxygen

Question 3

what are the products of reacting a metal with cold water?

Answer 3

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 4

what are the products of reacting a metal with steam?

Answer 4

metal oxide + hydrogen

Question 5

what are the products of reacting a metal with HCL?

Answer 5

a salt + hydrogen

Question 6

what are the products of reacting a metal with oxygen?

Answer 6

a metal oxide

Question 7

define an alloy

Answer 7

a mixture of 2 metals, or one metal and one non metal

Question 8

list 3 properties of alloys that are different from the original metals?

Answer 8

it is harder
more resistant to corrosion
has a greater melting and boiling point

Question 9

why are alloys harder than their original elements?

Answer 9

the combination of different atom sizes together alters the regular arrangement thus it is more difficult to cut through

Question 10

what combines to produce brass?

Answer 10

zinc + copper

Question 11

what is the use of alloy of iron + tungsten?

Answer 11

resistant to high temperatures and are hard

Question 12

what is the use of alloy of iron + chromium/nickel?

Answer 12

resistant to corrosion

Question 13

list the reactivity series

Answer 13

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Question 14

what are the products of thermal decomposition of metal hydroxides/carbonates?

Answer 14

metal oxide + water

Question 15

does group 1 metal hydroxides undergo thermal decomposition, and why?

Answer 15

no, except for lithium. they have high thermal stability

Question 16

does group 1 metal carbonate undergo thermal decomposition, and why?

Answer 16

no, except for lithium. they have high thermal stability

Question 17

what are the products of heating group 1 metal nitrates?

Answer 17

metal nitrite + oxygen

Question 18

what are the products of heating any metal nitrate (except group 1 metals)?

Answer 18

metal oxide + oxygen + nitrogen dioxide

Question 19

why doesn’t aluminium react with water and acid?

Answer 19

it reacts firstly with oxygen in the air to form an unreactive protective layer of aluminium oxide around it to prevent any reactions

Question 20

write a balanced chemical reaction of thermal decomposition of nitrogen nitrate

Answer 20

2NaNO3 → 2NaNO2 + O2

Question 21

write a balanced chemical reaction of thermal decomposition of copper nitrate

Answer 21

2Cu(NO3)2→ 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2

Question 22

which process is used to extract metal above carbon in the reactivity series?

Answer 22

electrolysis

Question 23

what is the ore of iron called?

Answer 23

hematite Fe2O3

Question 24

what are the raw materials used to extract iron?

Answer 24

coke, hematite, limestone and air

Question 25

list all the chemical reactions which take place in the extraction of iron from its ore hematite

Answer 25

1. C + 02 → CO2 (releases heat) 2. CO2 + C → 2CO (monoxide is toxic and must be removed) 3. Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 4. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 5. CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3

Question 26

why is limestone added to the furnace in the extraction of iron?

Answer 26

to remove impurities

Question 27

what is slag in the process of extracting iron?

Answer 27

CaSiO3

Question 28

where is the iron kept when it is converted into steel?

Answer 28

tilting furnace

Question 29

what is added to convert iron into steel?

Answer 29

oxygen + calcium oxide

Question 30

why is oxygen added to iron in the process of its conversion to steel?

Answer 30

to oxidise carbon, suplhur, silicon and phosphorus impurities. - CO2 and SO2 can escape the furnace as gases. - SiO2 reacts with CaO to produce CaSiO3 slag

Question 31

what is iron alloyed with to produce stainless steel?

Answer 31

20% chromium and 10% nickel

Question 32

what is stainless steel used in?

Answer 32

cutlery and sinks

Question 33

what is the most important property of stainless steel?

Answer 33

resistant to corrosion and strong

Question 34

what is iron alloyed with to make tungsten steel?

Answer 34

5% tungsten

Question 35

what is tungsten steel used in?

Answer 35

edges of cutting tools

Question 36

what is the most important property of tungsten steel?

Answer 36

its hard

Question 37

what is iron alloyed with to make maganese steel?

Answer 37

13% maganese

Question 38

what is maganese steel used for?

Answer 38

drill bits

Question 39

what is the most important property of maganese steel?

Answer 39

its very tough

Question 40

which process is used to extract aluminium?

Answer 40

electrolysis

Question 41

what is the ore of aluminium?

Answer 41

bauxite Al2O3

Question 42

why is cryolite mixed with bauxite in the extraction of aluminium?

Answer 42

to decrease its melting point and increase conductivity

Question 43

what is the reaction on the negative electrode (cathode) in the extraction of aluminium?

Answer 43

Al3+ + 3e- → Al

Question 44

what are the 2 reactions at the positive electrode (anode) in the extraction of aluminium?

Answer 44

2O2- - 4e- → O2 | C (s) + O2 → CO2

Question 45

what is the ore of zinc?

Answer 45

zinc blende ZnS

Question 46

list all the reactions in the process of extracting zinc from its ore

Answer 46

1. 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2 2. C + O2 → CO2 3. CO2 + C → 2CO (CO2 is the reducing agent) 4. ZnO(s) + CO(g) →Zn(g) + CO2(g)

Question 47

list 2 uses of zinc

Answer 47

1. galvanisation | 2. to make brass

Question 48

list 4 uses of aluminium and a reason for it

Answer 48

1. aeroplane bodies - low density 2. overhead power cables - conducts electricity 3. saucepans - conducts heat 4. food cans - resistant to corrosion

Question 49

list 2 uses of copper and a reason for it

Answer 49

1. electrical wires - conducts electricity | 2. water pipes - unreactive with water