Metals Details/Definitions

Question 1

General physical properties of metals

Answer 1

-Good conductors of heat/electricity
-Malleable
-Ductile
-High melting/boiling points
-Sonorous(makes bell-like sounds when struck)

Question 2

Metal + Acid →

Answer 2

Salt + Hydrogen

Question 3

Metal + Oxygen →

Answer 3

Metal Oxide

Question 4

Metal + Cold Water →

Answer 4

Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

Question 5

Metal + Steam →

Answer 5

Metal Oxide + Hydrogen

Question 6

Factor that determines if a metal reacts in cold water or steam

Answer 6

The reactivity of the metal(more reactive metals can react fine in cold water, but other less reactive metals like copper only react in steam)

Question 7

Uses of aluminium

Answer 7

-Manufacture of aircraft(due to strength and low density)
-Manufacture of overhead electrical cables(due to strength and good electrical conductivity)
-Used in food containers(due to good resistance to corrosion)

Question 8

Uses of copper

Answer 8

-Electrical wiring(because of its good electrical conductivity and ductility)
-Utensils

Question 9

Uses of zinc

Answer 9

-Galvanizing
-Production of brass

Question 10

Uses of steel

Answer 10

-Car bodies and machinery
-Production of stainless steel

Question 11

Alloy

Answer 11

a mixture of a metal and other elements

Question 12

Brass is a mixture of…

Answer 12

copper and zinc

Question 13

Stainless steel is a mixture of…

Answer 13

iron, chromium, nickel and carbon

Question 14

Benefit of alloys

Answer 14

They can be harder, stronger and more useful than the pure metals

Question 15

Uses of stainless steel

Answer 15

Cutlery(due to hardness and resistance to rusting)

Question 16

How alloys can be harder and stronger than pure metals

Answer 16

The different sized atoms in alloys mean that the layers can no longer slide over each other

Question 17

Reactivity series

Answer 17

-Potassium
-Sodium
-Calcium
-Magnesium
-Aluminium
-Carbon
-Zinc
-Iron
-Hydrogen
-Copper
-Silver
-Gold

Question 18

Why aluminium seems unreactive(even though it is)

Answer 18

Aluminum often reacts with oxygen in the air to form an ‘aluminium oxide coating’, which is unreactive and acts as a protective layer and prevents aluminium from reacting with other elements

Question 19

Result of reaction of potassium with cold water

Answer 19

Violent reaction with cold water

Question 20

Result of reaction of sodium with cold water

Answer 20

Violent reaction with cold water

Question 21

Result of reaction of calcium with cold water

Answer 21

Quick reaction with cold water

Question 22

Result of reaction of magnesium with steam

Answer 22

Moderate reaction with steam

Question 23

Result of reaction of magnesium with dilute hydrochloric acid

Answer 23

Vigorous reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid

Question 24

Result of reaction of zinc with dilute hydrochloric acid

Answer 24

Moderate reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid

Question 25

Result of reaction of iron with dilute hydrochloric acid

Answer 25

Moderate reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid

Question 26

Result of reaction of copper with dilute hydrochloric acid

Answer 26

No reaction

Question 27

Result of reaction of silver with dilute hydrochloric acid

Answer 27

No reaction

Question 28

Result of reaction of gold with dilute hydrochloric acid

Answer 28

No reaction

Question 29

Conditions required for the rusting of iron and steel to form hydrated iron(III) oxide

Answer 29

-Must be in contact with oxygen -Must be in contact with water

Question 30

Common barrier methods(of metals)

Answer 30

-Painting -Greasing -Coating with plastic -Galvanizing(eg. with zinc)

Question 31

Why barrier methods prevent rusting

Answer 31

They prevent the metals from coming into contact with oxygen or water

Question 32

Galvanising

Answer 32

the process of coating iron or steel in a protective layer of zinc

Question 33

Sacrificial protection

Answer 33

The protection of iron or steel against corrosion by using a more reactive metal to coat them

Question 34

(In terms of difficulty of extracting from ore)The higher a metal is in the reactivity series...

Answer 34

the harder it is to extract from its ore(as more reactive metals 'like' to stay in a compound more)

Question 35

Extraction of iron from hematite in the blast furnace

Answer 35

-The burning of carbon(coke) to provide heat and produce carbon dioxide -The reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide -The reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide -The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate/limestone to produce calcium oxide -The formation of slag

Question 36

Main ore of aluminium

Answer 36

Bauxite

Question 37

Aluminium is extracted by...

Answer 37

electrolysis

Question 38

Symbol equations for the extraction of iron from hematite

Answer 38

C + O₂ → CO₂ C + CO₂ → 2CO Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂ CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ CaO + SiO₂ → CaSiO₃

Question 39

Role of cryolite

Answer 39

-Decreases the melting point of aluminium oxide(bauxite) -Acts as a solvent for aluminium oxide(bauxite)

Question 40

Why the carbon anodes(in electrolysis) must be regularly replaced

Answer 40

The carbon anodes burn away in oxygen(and hence need to be regularly replaced)

Question 41

Bronze is a mixture of...

Answer 41

copper and tin