metals extraction Flashcards
(28 cards)
What happens in a displacement reaction involving metals?
A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from a compound.
What is the thermite reaction used for?
It is used to produce white hot molten iron in remote locations for welding.
What is the equation for the thermite reaction?
2Al + Fe2O3 → 2Fe + Al2O3
Why does aluminium displace iron from iron(III) oxide?
Because aluminium is more reactive than iron.
In the reaction of aluminium and iron(III) oxide, what happens to iron?
Iron is reduced.
In the reaction of aluminium and iron(III) oxide, what happens to aluminium?
Aluminium is oxidised.
What can reactions between metals and metal oxides help establish?
A reactivity series of metals.
What can be concluded about Metal A in a reactivity series?
Metal A cannot displace either B or C, so it must be the least reactive.
What does it indicate if Metal B displaces both A and C?
Metal B must be the most reactive.
How is the reactivity of Metal C determined?
Metal C displaces A but cannot displace B, indicating it is more reactive than A but less than B.
What is the general relationship between reactivity difference and energy released in a displacement reaction?
The greater the difference in reactivity, the greater the amount of energy released.
What is oxidation?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons from a substance or the gain of oxygen by a substance.
What is the reaction for magnesium oxidation?
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
What is reduction?
Reduction is the gain of electrons by a substance or the loss of oxygen from a substance.
What is the reaction for the reduction of copper(II) oxide?
CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
What type of reaction involves simultaneous oxidation and reduction?
A redox reaction.
What is an oxidising agent?
The chemical that causes oxidation.
What is a reducing agent?
The chemical that causes the other chemical to be reduced.
In the thermite reaction, what role does iron(III) oxide play?
Iron(III) oxide is the oxidising agent.
In the thermite reaction, what role does aluminium play?
Aluminium is the reducing agent.
What is rusting?
Rusting is an oxidation reaction where iron reacts with water and oxygen to form hydrated iron(III) oxide.
What is the word equation for rusting?
iron + water + oxygen → hydrated iron(III) oxide
What conditions are necessary for rusting to occur?
Both water and oxygen are needed.
What happens to a nail in the absence of air or water?
The nail does not rust.
