Métamorphoses de la culture libérale Flashcards
(21 cards)
Who are the key theorists of the Frankfurt School?
Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, Herbert Marcuse
They criticized cultural industries for turning art into consumer products.
What did the Frankfurt School theorists believe about media?
Media produce stereotypes that reinforce conformity and justify the established order
They also developed the concept of ‘false consciousness’.
Who are notable theorists of the Situationist movement?
Guy Debord, Raoul Vaneigem
They criticized unilateral communication that isolates individuals.
What is a key criticism made by the Situationists?
Control and manipulation of opinion, standardization of thoughts and tastes
They also highlighted the disintegration of public space.
What concept did Martin Heidegger discuss that relates to media?
The ‘dictatorship characteristic’ of ‘the they’
This critiques depersonalization and conformity caused by media.
What is Marshall McLuhan’s famous phrase?
‘The medium is the message’
It suggests that media shape behaviors and individual practices.
What observation did Dominique Wolton make about television?
Television reconstructs social links as a topic of conversation
It serves as a social interaction tool among friends and family.
What contribution did Bernard Manin make regarding mass communication?
Increased importance of political leaders’ personalities and relative neutralization of media
This reflects a shift in how citizens perceive political engagement.
What themes did Marcel Gauchet explore?
Religion in democracy and secularism
He contributed to understanding transformations in contemporary liberal societies.
How are media viewed in terms of manipulation and alienation?
As instruments that consolidate conformity and justify the established order
They are accused of promoting a false understanding of reality.
What does the term ‘Cultural Industries’ refer to?
Transformation of artworks into mass consumer products
This concept was developed by the Frankfurt School.
What is ‘False Consciousness’?
A mistaken perception of reality created by media
It prevents individuals from recognizing social realities.
What does ‘Standardization of Tastes and Behaviors’ imply?
Uniformity in emotional and behavioral responses at a large scale
Media contribute to this standardization.
What is meant by ‘Individualization’ in media context?
Promotion of individual lifestyles and behaviors
Media disseminate norms of happiness and private consumption.
What does ‘Tyranny of Beauty’ refer to?
Imposition of aesthetic norms like thinness and youth
This significantly affects individuals’ physical appearance.
What is the ‘Democratization of Culture’?
Increased accessibility of knowledge through media
However, it often leads to preferences for entertainment over critical reflection.
What is the concept of ‘Democracy of the Public’?
Citizens are influenced more by media than political parties
They tend to vote for personalities rather than policies.
What does ‘Electoral Volatility’ describe?
Increasing instability in voter choices influenced by media
Voters are less loyal to traditional political parties.
What is ‘Mediated Sociability’?
Media reconstruct social interactions as conversation topics
Television creates collective emotional experiences.
What is ‘Hyper-Mediatization’?
Amplification of events by media creating collective emotions
This can lead to social mobilizations.
How are media criticized for their superficiality?
They distract rather than educate and infantilize the public
This raises concerns about the quality of public discourse.
