Metaphysics

Question 1

Ontology

Answer 1

Concepts of existence, being, becoming and reality

Question 2

Plato’s Forms

Answer 2

Non-Physical, perfect, ideas, doesn’t change and feels more real

Question 3

Plato’s Physical Reality

Answer 3

Material, changes, imperfect and feels less real

Question 4

Plato’s Cave

Answer 4

Our reality are the shadows of the wall
Shadows + Puppets = Physical Reality
Outside World = Forms

Question 5

Materialism

Answer 5

Is anything such as clothes, cars, tables or chairs and is physical

Question 6

Immaterialism

Answer 6

Material Things have no reality except for mental perceptions

Question 7

Dualism

Answer 7

Mental and physical reality are separable and different

Question 8

Monism

Answer 8

There is no difference between mental and physical reality.

Question 9

Plato’s Theory of Forms

Answer 9

The forms are perfect, unchanging, more real and ideas

Question 10

Aristotle’s Form

Answer 10

Common Characteristics in the objects

Question 11

Aristotle’s Substance

Answer 11

Things that have independent existence

Question 12

Aristotle’s Ultimate Reality

Answer 12

Physical Work (reality)

Question 13

Aristotle’s Essence

Answer 13

Essential, necessary qualities

Question 14

Aristotle’s Matter

Answer 14

Physical Stuff

Question 15

Form + Matter

Answer 15

Substance

Question 16

Telos

Answer 16

Purpose (essential to Aristotle’s theory)

Question 17

Locke’s Primary Qualities

Answer 17

Most essential part of an object, such as solidarity, figure, extension, motion or rest. “Exist objectively in an object”

Question 18

Locke’s Secondary Qualities

Answer 18

Colour, sound, smell or taste. “Dependent on the mind of observers”

Question 19

Berkeley’s Idealism

Answer 19

Denies physical existence, everything is a perception. God is essential to his theory. Nothing exists outside our perceptions

Question 20

Berkeley’s Ultimate Reality

Answer 20

Minds (NON-PHYSICAL)

Question 21

Berkeley’s arguments against Locke

Answer 21

Assumptions of Locke are not secure enough to build upon

Question 22

Ontological Argument

Answer 22

A purely logical proof, existence is greater than non-existence, God must exist because you cant conceive of a God without the property of existence.

Question 23

Cosmological Argument

Answer 23

Domino Effect - 4 ways
1st - There must be a first-mover
2nd - There must be a first cause
3rd - There must be a necessary being
4th - There must be something perfect/greatest
Cant a person accept a first cause but not believe in God?

Question 24

Teleological Argument (purpose)

Answer 24

Do we see design in nature?
Purpose came from God
The world is imperfect which means the designer who created it is also imperfect
Biggest problem is evolution is not designed.