Meteorology and Oceanography (week1 and 2)

Question 1

are crucial for safe navigation, especially
in stormy conditions or when planning sail adjustments

Answer 1

Wind speed and direction

Question 2

Measures wind speed and direction. Includes a blade or vane that aligns with the wind direction,
combined with a rotating element to measure speed.

Answer 2

ANEMOMETERS

Question 3

Measures atmospheric pressure.

Answer 3

BAROMETERS

Question 4

Changes in _help predict weather patterns,
including the approach of storms or high-pressure systems

Answer 4

atmospheric pressure

Question 5

Uses a column of mercury in a
glass tube; the height of the
mercury column reflects
atmospheric pressure

Answer 5

MERCURY BAROMETER

Question 6

Uses a small, sealed metal chamber that
expands or contracts with pressure changes.
This movement is translated into pressure
readings by mechanical or electronic means

Answer 6

ANEROID BAROMETER

Question 7

Uses electronic sensors to
measure pressure and display
the data digitally.

Answer 7

DIGITAL BAROMETER

Question 8

Measures air temperature

Answer 8

THERMOMETER

Question 9

are vital for assessing weather conditions and
making decisions related to safety and operational adjustments

Answer 9

Temperature readings

Question 10

Contains mercury in a glass
tube that expands or contracts
with temperature changes

Answer 10

MERCURY THERMOMETER

Question 11

Uses alcohol, which is colored for
visibility, to measure temperature

Answer 11

ALCOHOL THERMOMETER

Question 12

Uses electronic sensors to
measure and display
temperature digitally

Answer 12

DIGITAL THERMOMETER

Question 13

Measures humidity or moisture content in the air

Answer 13

HYGROMETERS

Question 14

affect comfort, visibility, and can influence weather conditions
such as fog or precipitation

Answer 14

Humidity levels

Question 15

Consists of two thermometers (wet-bulb and dry-
bulb). The difference in readings between the two
thermometers indicates humidity levels.

Answer 15

PSYCHROMETER

Question 16

Measures the
temperature of the sea surface. This is important for
understanding sea conditions and weather patterns.

Answer 16

Sea Surface Temperature Sensors-

Question 17

Measures the amount of precipitation.
Rain gauges collect and measure the volume of rain
that falls over a period

Answer 17

Rain Gauges-

Question 18

Wind Speed and Direction- Essential for navigation and understanding weather patterns

Answer 18

Wind Speed and Direction-

Question 19

Atmospheric Pressure- Helps predict weather changes and storm systems

Answer 19

Atmospheric Pressure-

Question 20

Temperature- Provides information on current weather conditions and helps in forecasting

Answer 20

Temperature-

Question 21

Affects weather conditions, visibility, and the potential for fog or precipitation

Answer 21

Humidity-

Question 22

Tracks the amount and type of precipitation, which is crucial for weather
forecasting and safety.

Answer 22

Precipitation-

Question 23

are essential for measuring wind speed and direction

Answer 23

Anemometers

Question 24

on the other hand, measure atmospheric pressure

Answer 24

Barometers,

Question 25

are used to measure both air and sea surface temperatures.

Answer 25

Thermometers

Question 26

are devices that measure humidity levels

Answer 26

Hygrometers

Question 27

are used to record precipitation amounts and visibility distance

Answer 27

Rain gauges and visibility sensors

Question 28

Adhering to the is critical for proper operation, calibration, and maintenance

Answer 28

manufacturer’s guidelines

Question 29

Gain an understanding of the principles behind each type of instrument and how they measure various weather parameters

Answer 29

Technical Knowledge-

Question 30

Acquire hands-on experience with operating, calibrating, and maintaining the instruments through training and on-the-job practice

Answer 30

Practical Experience-

Question 31

Develop a meticulous approach to ensure all procedures are followed accurately and all data is recorded correctly.

Answer 31

Attention to Detail-

Question 32

provide key insights into current weather conditions.

Answer 32

Wind Speed and Direction

Question 33

plays a significant role in weather prediction.

Answer 33

Atmospheric Pressure

Question 34

are critical for understanding current weather and predicting changes.

Answer 34

Temperature readings

Question 35

provide insights into potential weather conditions

Answer 35

Humidity levels

Question 36

measurements, including rainfall, help assess current weather conditions and predict potential flooding or other impacts.

Answer 36

Precipitation

Question 37

are characterized by sudden drops in temperature, increased wind speeds, and often precipitation.

Answer 37

Cold fronts

Question 38

lead to gradual increases in temperature, accompanied by cloud cover and steady precipitation as warmer air replaces cooler air

Answer 38

warm fronts

Question 39

can result in prolonged weather patterns

Answer 39

Stationary fronts and occluded fronts

Question 40

forms when a cold front overtakes a warm front, often causing persistent and varied weather conditions

Answer 40

occluded front

Question 41

are low-pressure systems that can bring severe weather, including strong winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges.

Answer 41

Cyclones

Question 42

are high-pressure systems typically linked with clear skies and stable weather conditions. They bring settled weather and generally prevent storm formation

Answer 42

anticyclones

Question 43

occur due to temperature differences between land and sea, creating localized winds that affect weather patterns near coastal areas

Answer 43

Sea breezes

Question 44

are also significant local phenomena, often arising from high humidity and changes in temperature, which lead to reduced visibility and unique weather conditions.

Answer 44

Fog and mist

Question 45

—which includes wind and wave conditions—affects operational safety. Monitoring these factors helps in determining the safety of activities such as loading and unloading cargo or embarking and disembarking passengers

Answer 45

sea state

Question 47

Understanding weather patterns like storm surges and heavy rainfall helps predict

Answer 47

potential coastal erosion and flooding,

Question 48

These forecasts include information on storm systems, wind speeds, sea states, and visibility conditions. are updated regularly and can be accessed through marine radio, satellite communication, and onboard weather systems.

Answer 48

weather forecasts

Question 49

can detect precipitation and storm systems, helping seafarers identify areas of heavy rain, thunderstorms, or approaching squalls.

Answer 49

weather radar

Question 50

can also display information about sea state and wave patterns

Answer 50

Modern radar system

Question 51

to understand large-scale weather patterns. These charts help in predicting the movement of high and low- pressure systems and associated weather conditions.

Answer 51

weather charts (pressure and wind charts)

Question 52

Observations of wave height and sea state are crucial. Mariners use reports and data on wave patterns to assess the severity of sea conditions. An increase in wave height and frequency can signal worsening weather.

Answer 52

sea state reports

Question 53

Fog and low visibility conditions are detected through observations and visibility reports. Mariners use tools like range finders and visual checks to assess how far they can see and adjust their navigation accordingly.

Answer 53

visibility measures

Question 54

This data helps seafarers understand current weather conditions and make timely decisions.

Answer 54

weather buoys and stations