Methodology

Question 1

We use this on how we are going to collect data from respondents

Answer 1

Research Design and data collection

Question 2

The entire group that you want to draw a conclusion about

It may be defined in terms of geographical location, age, income, etc.

Answer 2

Population

Question 3

Specific group of individuals that you will collect data from

Answer 3

Sampling

Question 4

List of indiviuals that the sample will be drawn from

Answer 4

Sampling frame

Question 5

Should include the entire target population

Answer 5

Sampling Frame

Question 6

Number of individuals in your sample, depends on the size of the population and how precisely you want the results to represent the population as a whole

Answer 6

Sample Size

Question 7

The larger it is, the more accurately and confident you can make inferences about the whole population

Answer 7

Sample size

Question 8

Every member has an equal chance if being selected

Kinds of probability sampling

Answer 8

Simple random sampling

Question 9

Should include whole population.

Kinds of probability sampling

Answer 9

Simple random sampling

Question 10

The population is randomly selected at regular
intervals, with all members having the chance
to be chosen, but not all will be selected to
participate.

Kinds of probability sampling

Answer 10

Systematic sampling

Question 11

Involves division of a population to a smaller
group

Kinds of probability sampling

Answer 11

Stratified Sampling

Question 12

Divides the population into subgroups with
similar characteristics to the whole sample,
and selecting entire subgroups randomly
instead of sampling individuals from each
subgroup.

Kinds of probability sampling

Answer 12

Cluster Sampling

Question 13

Includes the individuals who happen to be
most accessible to the researcher

Kinds of non-probability sampling

Answer 13

Convenience Sampling

Question 14

Relies on ease of access, with participants
volunteering themselves through public online
surveys instead of being chosen and contacted
by the researcher.

Kinds of non-probability sampling

Answer 14

Voluntary Response Sampling

Question 15

Researchers use judgement to select the most
useful sample for their research purposes,
aiming to gain detailed knowledge about a
specific phenomenon rather than making
statistical inferences.

Kinds of non-probability sampling

Answer 15

Purposive Sampling

Question 16

Utilize a hard-to-access population to recruit
participants through other individuals,
requiring only one agreed-upon participant to
introduce the study to others.

Kinds of non-probability sampling

Answer 16

Snowball sampling

Question 17

• Survey
• interviews (structured, semi structured,
  unstructured) archival data
• focused group discussion
• Questionnaire
• Content analysis
• Observation (covert, overt)
• Participation

Answer 17

Instruments

Question 18

• Voice recorder
• Video recorder
• Google forms
• Email addresses
• Pens, paper, highlighter, printer
• Letters of intent
• Letters to conduct survey and interviews

Answer 18

Tools

Question 19

A list of questions was distributed via mail,
online, or in person, and respondents were
asked to fill them out themselves.

Answer 19

Questionnaire

Question 20

Mail, online, and in-person.

Answer 20

Questionnaire

Question 21

The researcher uses phone or in-person
interviews to gather responses, determining
the method based on the sample size, location,
and research focus.

Answer 21

Interview

Question 22

Beneficial for smaller sample sizes, allowing
for in-depth information gathering, personal
contact with respondents, clarifying questions,
and seeking follow-up information.

Answer 22

Interview

Question 23

• Telephone Interview
• Face-to-Face Interview
• Visit / Lunch / Dinner Interview
• Panel Interview
• Group Interview
• Sequential Interview

Answer 23

Types of Interview

Question 24

Involves asking questions to gather
information about conditions, events,
opinions, people, and organizations from a
large group of people to infer conclusions
about the selected population.

Answer 24

Survey

Question 25

you need to decide which questions you will ask and how you will ask them.

Answer 25

Survey

Question 26

you need to decide which questions you will ask and how you will ask them. | Survey

Answer 26

➔ Type of questions ➔ Content of the questions ➔ Phrasing of the questions ➔ Ordering and layout of the survey

Question 27

Ideal for quantitative research, providing numerical data for statistical analysis. | Questions

Answer 27

Closed-ended questions

Question 28

Ideal for quantitative research, providing numerical data for statistical analysis. | Questions

Answer 28

Open-ended questions

Question 29

To ensure survey validity and reliability, focus on narrowly focused, relevant questions, and avoid non-relevant ones.

Answer 29

The content of the survey questions

Question 30

Construct closed-ended questions with exhaustive options and add "other" fields for non-exhaustive options.

Answer 30

The content of the survey questions

Question 31

The survey questions should be clear, precise, and neutrally phrased.

Answer 31

Phrasing the survey questions

Question 32

Considering the target population's knowledge level and avoiding vague or ambiguous language.

Answer 32

Phrasing the survey questions

Question 33

The survey should be arranged logically, starting with easy, non-sensitive, closed-ended questions.

Answer 33

Ordering the survey questions

Question 34

If multiple topics are covered, group related questions together, divide into sections, and place questions directly next to each other.

Answer 34

Ordering the survey questions

Question 35

The methodology section should generally be written in | Principles in Methodology Writing

Answer 35

the past tense

Question 36

Discuss the ___ you used in conducting your research. | Principles in Methodology Writing

Answer 36

Methods

Question 37

why should you Explain what you did and how you did it? | Principles in Methodology Writing

Answer 37

to allow readers to evaluate the reliability and validity of the research.

Question 38

example, did you aim to systematically describe the characteristics of something, to explore an under-researched topic, or to establish a cause-and-effect relationship? And what type of data did you need to achieve this aim?

Answer 38

Explain your methodological approach

Question 39

To ensure reproducibility, provide detailed descriptions of your study's methods, including operationalization, measurement, sampling, inclusion/exclusion criteria, tools, procedures, and materials used for data collection.

Answer 39

Describe your methods of data collection