Methods 910 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the four types of research validity?
Internal, external, statistical conclusion, and construct validity.
What is internal validity in research?
It refers to the extent to which study results correspond to a causal effect from the intervention to the outcome, without other confounding factors (Seminar 5, Slide 23)
What are the three main ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report?
Respect for persons (informed consent), beneficence (maximize benefits, minimize risks), and justice (fair distribution of research benefits and burdens)(Seminar 2 Research Ethi…).
Why is informed consent important in research?
It ensures participants have enough information to make a voluntary decision about their participation, protecting their rights and well-being(Seminar 2 Research Ethi…).
What does PICO stand for in research question formulation?
Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome(Seminar 3 Research Ques…).
What is the difference between probability and nonprobability sampling?
Probability sampling involves random selection, enhancing external validity, while nonprobability sampling does not use random selection(Seminar 7 Measurement a…).
How do random assignment and random sampling differ?
Random assignment helps with internal validity by ensuring group comparability, while random sampling affects external validity by improving generalizability
What is an operational definition in research?
It is a concrete, specific way to measure a concept or variable, transforming abstract concepts into measurable observations(Seminar 7 Measurement a…).
What is construct validity?
Construct validity measures how well a test or tool measures the concept it intends to measure(Seminar 7 Measurement a…).
What are some strategies to reduce attrition in research studies?
Providing incentives, maintaining contact with participants, and ensuring that the study design minimizes burden on participants(Seminar 7 Measurement a…)(Seminar 2 Research Ethi…).
What are methodological issues in research, and how do they affect validity?
Methodological issues like sampling bias, measurement errors, and study design flaws can undermine internal, external, statistical conclusion, and construct validity. For example, poor sampling can affect external validity by limiting generalizability (Seminar 6)(Seminar 13).
What is the difference between internal and external validity?
Internal validity refers to how well a study establishes a causal relationship, while external validity refers to the generalizability of the findings to broader populations (Seminar 5)(Seminar 13).
What does PICO stand for in research question formulation?
PICO stands for Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome—a framework used to develop focused research questions (Seminar 3)(Seminar 13).
What is a theory of change?
A theory of change outlines how and why a desired change is expected to happen, connecting the intervention activities to expected outcomes (Seminar 4)(Seminar 13).
Why is informed consent important, and how can you ensure it in research?
Informed consent ensures participants are fully aware of the study’s risks and benefits. Steps include providing clear explanations, ensuring voluntary participation, and addressing questions or concerns (Seminar 2)(Seminar 13 Key Slides)(Seminar 13).
What are the differences between probability and nonprobability sampling methods?
Probability sampling uses random selection and supports generalization (external validity), while nonprobability sampling does not use random selection and may limit generalizability (Seminar 6)(Seminar 13).
What is construct validity in research?
Construct validity measures how well a test or tool measures the theoretical concept it’s intended to assess (Seminar 7)(Seminar 13 Key Slides)(Seminar 13).
What are some strategies for successful participant recruitment and retention in research?
Strategies include providing incentives, maintaining frequent communication, offering flexibility, and minimizing participant burden (Seminar 5)(Seminar 13).
How can attrition impact research, and how can it be minimized?
Attrition, or participant drop-out, can threaten internal validity by introducing bias. To reduce attrition, researchers can offer follow-up support and keep participants engaged (Seminar 5)(Seminar 13).
What is Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR)?
CBPR is a collaborative approach that involves community members in all phases of research, emphasizing ethical collaboration and social justice (Seminar 11)(Seminar 11 Participator…).
