México

Question 1

accommodation

Answer 1

hola

Question 2

amparos

Answer 2

amparo action is intended to protect all rights that are not protected specifically by the constitution or by a special law with constitutional rank, such as the right to physical liberty, which may be protected instead by habeas corpus remedies

Question 3

Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador

Answer 3

held the position of Head of Government of the Federal District from 2000 to 2005, before resigning in July 2005 to contend the 2006 presidential election, representing the Coalition for the Good of All, a coalition led by the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) that includes the Convergence party and the Labor Party.

Question 4

Benito Juarez

Answer 4

a Mexican lawyer and politician of Zapotec origin from Oaxaca who served as the president of Mexico for five terms: 1858–1861 as interim, then 1861–1865, 1865–1867, 1867–1871 and 1871–1872 as constitutional president.

Question 5

Camarillas

Answer 5

a group of courtiers or favourites who surround a king or ruler. Usually, they do not hold any office or have any official authority at court but influence their ruler behind the scenes. Consequently, they also escape having to bear responsibility for the effects of their advice.

Question 6

caudillos

Answer 6

military or political leader

Question 7

Carlos Salinas

Answer 7

a Mexican economist and politician affiliated to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as President of Mexico from 1988 to 1994. Earlier in his career he worked in the Budget Secretariat eventually becoming Secretary. He was the PRI presidential candidate in 1988, and was declared elected on 6 July 1988.

Question 8

Chamber of Deputies

Answer 8

The lower house of the Congress of the Union, the bicameral legislature of Mexico. Holds 500

Question 9

chayotes

Answer 9

Mexican fruit?

Question 10

Chiapas

Answer 10

State in Mexico. The last of these rebellions was the 1994 Zapatista uprising, which succeeded in obtaining new rights for indigenous people.

Question 11

co-optation

Answer 11

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Question 12

Cristeros War

Answer 12

a widespread struggle in many Mexican states against the rule of the Secularist, anti-catholic, and anticlerical Mexican government

Question 13

Cuauhtemoc Cardenas

Answer 13

a prominent Mexican politician. He was a former Head of Government of the Federal District and a founder of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD)

Question 14

dedazo

Answer 14

se utiliza a modo de crítica para incidir en que un político o servidor público designa a su sucesor o colaborador sin seguir ningún proceso público y/o democrático de selección. El término se deriva del ademán de señalar con el dedo cuando se elige a alguien.

Question 15

Ejidatarios

Answer 15

members of: an area of communal land used for agriculture, on which community members individually possess and farm a specific parcel. Ejidos are registered with Mexico’s National Agrarian Registry (Registro Agrario Nacional). The system of ejidos was based on an understanding of the Aztec calpulli and the medieval Spanish ejido.

Question 16

Emiliano Zapata

Answer 16

a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution, the main leader of the peasant revolution in the state of Morelos, and the founder of the agrarian movement called Zapatismo

Question 17

Enrique Pena Nieto

Answer 17

a Mexican politician and currently holds the office of President of Mexico. His six-year term began in 2012. He is a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and served as governor of the State of Mexico from 2005 to 2011. Peña Nieto was declared president-elect after the 2012 general election was declared valid by the Federal Electoral Tribunal,amidst accusations of electoral fraud. He took office on 1 December 2012, succeeding Felipe Calderón as president.

Question 18

Ernesto Zedillo

Answer 18

a Mexican economist and politician. He served as President of Mexico from December 1, 1994 to November 30, 2000, as the last of the uninterrupted 70-year line of Mexican presidents from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Since the ending of his term as president in 2000, Zedillo has been a leading voice on globalization, especially its impact on relations between developed and developing nations.

Question 19

EZLN

Answer 19

Zapatista Army of National Liberation, is a revolutionary leftist political and militant group based in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico.

Question 20

IEF

Answer 20

Index of Economic Freedom 0-100

Question 21

Felipe Calderon

Answer 21

a Mexican politician who served as President of Mexico from December 1, 2006 to November 30, 2012. He is a member of the Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), one of the three major Mexican political parties

Question 22

GATT

Answer 22

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a multilateral agreement regulating international trade. According to its preamble, its purpose was the “substantial reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers and the elimination of preferences, on a reciprocal and mutually advantageous basis.” It was negotiated during the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment and was the outcome of the failure of negotiating governments to create the International Trade Organization (ITO)

Question 23

ISI

Answer 23

30s-70s. Import substitution industrialization (ISI) which protected and promoted the development of national industries. Mexico experienced an economic boom through which industries rapidly expanded their production.

Question 24

Lazaro Cardenas

Answer 24

a general in the Mexican Revolution and an able statesman who served as President of Mexico between 1934 and 1940. He is best known for nationalization of the oil industry in 1938 and creation of Pemex, the government oil monopoly

Question 25

Luis Colosio

Answer 25

a Mexican politician, economist, and PRI presidential candidate, who was assassinated at a campaign rally in Tijuana during the Mexican Presidential campaign of 1994

Question 26

machismo

Answer 26

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Question 27

"Mexican Miracle"

Answer 27

inward-looking development strategy that produced sustained economic growth of 3 to 4 percent and modest 3 percent inflation annually from the 1940s until the 1970s

Question 28

Miguel Hidalgo

Answer 28

a Mexican Catholic priest and a leader of the Mexican War of Independence

Question 29

"Pact for Mexico"

Answer 29

2012. The strengthening of the Mexican State The democratization of the economy and politics, as well as the expansion and effective implementation of social rights The participation of citizens as key actors in the design, implementation and evaluation of public policies

Question 30

PAN

Answer 30

founded in 1939, and since the 1980s has been an important political party winning local, state, and national elections. It is one of the three main political parties in Mexico. In 2000, PAN candidate Vicente Fox was elected for a six-year Presidential term; in 2006, PAN candidate Felipe Calderón succeeded Fox in presidency. During the period 2000-2012, both houses of the legislature had PAN pluralities, but the party did not have a majority in either house of the Congress. In the 2006 legislative elections the party won 207 out of 500 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 52 out of 128 Senators

Question 31

Pancho Villa

Answer 31

he was the veritable caudillo of the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua, which, given its size, mineral wealth, and proximity to the United States of America, provided him with extensive resources. Villa was also provisional Governor of Chihuahua in 1913 and 1914. Although he was prevented from being accepted into the "panteón" of national heroes until some 20 years after his death, today his memory is honored by Mexicans. In addition, numerous streets and neighborhoods in Mexico are named in his honor.

Question 32

PRI

Answer 32

a Mexican political party that held power in the country for 71 years, first as the National Revolutionary Party, then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution. The PRI is a centrist party member of the Socialist International. However, the PRI is not considered a social democratic party in the traditional sense; its modern policies of neo-liberalism and privatization have been characterized as centrist or even as liberal. Its membership in the Socialist International dates from the Mexican Revolution (1910) and the founding of the party by Plutarco Elías Calles (1929), when the party had a clearer social democratic orientation. Along with their rival, the left-wing PRD (Party of the Democratic Revolution), they make Mexico one of the few nations with two major, competing parties part of the same international grouping.

Question 33

Pendulum Theory

Answer 33

back & forth effect between socialist reform and free-market economic development

Question 34

proportional representation

Answer 34

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Question 35

PRD

Answer 35

A social democratic political party in Mexico that champions democracy. The PRD is a member of the Broad Progressive Front alliance and one of two Mexican affiliates of the Socialist International.

Question 36

Sexenio

Answer 36

The popular term for the term limit on the President of Mexico. The president is limited to a single six-year term, and no one who holds the office even on a caretaker basis is permitted to run for or hold the office again. It is one of the country's most important political institutions because it is one of the few significant limitations on executive power in Mexico, which is strong at local, state, and national levels. The sexenio is seen as a reaction to the failed experiment of re-election in Mexico during part of the Porfiriato era (1876–1911).

Question 37

Sonoran Dynasty

Answer 37

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Question 38

Televisa

Answer 38

A Mexican multimedia mass media company, is the largest in Latin America and the first of Spanish-speaking world. It is a major international entertainment business, with much of its programming airing in the United States on Univision, with which it has an exclusive contract.

Question 39

Tlatelolco Plaza

Answer 39

A killing of an estimated 30 to 300 students and civilians by military and police on October 2, 1968, in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas in the Tlatelolco section of Mexico City. The events are considered part of the Mexican Dirty War, when the government used its forces to suppress political opposition. The massacre occurred 10 days before the opening of the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. More than 1,300 people were arrested by security police. There has been no consensus on how many were killed that day in the plaza area.

Question 40

TV Azteca

Answer 40

Multimedia conglomerate. A Mexican multimedia conglomerate owned by Grupo Salinas. It is the second largest mass media company in Mexico after Televisa.

Question 41

Vicente Fox

Answer 41

A Mexican businessman who was President of Mexico from 1 December 2000, to 30 November 2006 under the National Action Party (PAN). He is also the Co-President of the Centrist Democrat International, an international organization of Christian democratic political parties.