MI

Question 1

what is secondary prevention

Answer 1

healthcare designed to r=prevent the reoccurrence of CV events in patients diagnoses with CVD

Question 2

FRS not available for ` aged?

Answer 2

80 +

Question 3

why CVD risk increase after menopause

Answer 3

decrease estrogen ( keeps blood vessels flexible)

Question 4

what happens during menopause

Answer 4

increase in LDL, BP increases, HDL declines, TG increase

Question 5

adults with diabetes are how much more likely to die from MI

Answer 5

2-4

Question 6

normal BMI

Answer 6

18.5- 24.9

Question 7

symptoms of MI

Answer 7

pain or discomfort, vomiting, nausea, shortness of breath, back or joint pain

Question 8

troponin peak

Answer 8

12 hours - test for myocardial damage

Question 9

what other tests for myocardial damage

Answer 9

CK-MB test (10-24 hours) and lactate dehydrogenase test (72 hours)

Question 10

PCTA

Answer 10

minimally invasive surgery to open up blood vessels

Question 11

diet immediately after MI

Answer 11

NPO or clear liquids without caffeine ( want o max blood to heart not GI)

Question 12

heart healthy eating plan

Answer 12

mediterranean diet

Question 13

if high TG ( above 1.7)

Answer 13

avoid sweets, sugars, simple carbs, alcohol, reach heathy weight

Question 14

atrial fibrillation

Answer 14

irregular heart beat ( risk factor for stroke)

Question 15

treatment for atrial fibrillation

Answer 15

anti-coagulant

vit K consistent

Question 16

warfarin

Answer 16

what have to be careful with? cooked greens ( bc very concentrated)

Question 17

natural products that affect clotting time ?

Answer 17

onion, garlic, avovado soy milk, green tea

Question 18

why does the heart become less effective in heart failure?

Answer 18

there has been injury to the heart and compensatory actions take over to maintain cardiac output ( norepphrine and RAAS) and so ventricular muscles undergo hypertrophy ( large heart ) not a good thin g

Question 19

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Answer 19

weakened or bulging area in aorta- cause unknown but factor that cause it are smoking, HBP and vascululitus ( infection )

Question 20

angina

Answer 20

chest pain caused by coronary arteries damaged or blocked ( less oxygen)

Question 21

CAD

Answer 21

coronary artery disease ( narrow of the small blood vessels that carry blood and O2 to the heart ( angina is a symptom of this)

Question 22

congestive heart disease

Answer 22

heart can’t pump enough

Question 23

syncopy

Answer 23

fainting, light headedness caused by brief dropping blood flow to the brain

Question 24

PVD

Answer 24

atherosclerotic disease in peripheral vessels

Question 25

risk factors for heart failure

Answer 25

HPT | IHT, diabetes, heavy alcohol, smoking ,

Question 26

symptoms of HF

Answer 26

leg swelling, decreased ejection fraction breathlessness, fatigue, confusion, lungs crackling, low BP, but fast HR ( compensatory) Q waves, tachycardia

Question 27

ejection fraction measured by

Answer 27

ECHO

Question 28

most often which side of heart fails first

Answer 28

left ( decreased pressure going to the body) ( kidney detects this and activates RAAS- increase BP) and high pressure in the pulmonary capillaries ( pressure build up) so pulmonary edema

Question 29

right side fails decreased pressure going to the

Answer 29

lungs , and edema in the rest of the body ( from pressure build up)

Question 30

ascites

Answer 30

edema in the abdominal cavities

Question 31

what can be a sign that heart failure is getting wrose

Answer 31

sudden weight gain

Question 32

why does the heart enlarge?

Answer 32

RAAS is activated, increase HR, has to pump more often to supply the same amount of blood bc less efficient

Question 33

why elevated natriuretic peptides?

Answer 33

secreted why left ventricles are stretched ( bc normally want o lower BP )

Question 34

how to treat CHF

Answer 34

diuretics to increase urination and lower BP

Question 35

how would dietician assess fluid balance in a patient with CHF

Answer 35

lab values may be diluted, skin clammy, I &O from nurses, weight and BMI may be hard to assess due to fluid retention

Question 36

3 nutritional concerns for HF patients

Answer 36

sodium intake fluid intake nutritional adequacy

Question 37

sodium and water intake for HF managment

Answer 37

2000 mg/d ( if more= raise BP) | 1-2 L/d

Question 38

10-15% HF patients develope

Answer 38

``` cardiac cachexia ( loss of lean body mass - soft and flabby heart) - high mortality ```