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YEAR 5: Microbiology and Infection > MI: Zoonoses > Flashcards

MI: Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

List some examples of new emerging infectious diseases that are zoonoses.

A
  • Viral haemorrhagic fever
  • Respiratory diseases (MERS)
  • Novel influenza virus (pH1N1)
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2
Q

List three ways in which zoonoses are transmitted.

A
  • Everyday contact with animals (scratches and bites from pets)
  • By-products (faeces/urine) leading to contaminated soil
  • Foodstuffs (undercooked meats, milk)
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3
Q

List examples of:

  1. Farm/Wild Animals
  2. Companian Animals
A

Farm/Wild Animals

  • Cattle
  • Poultry
  • Goats
  • Pigs

Companion Animals

  • Cats and dogs
  • Reptiles and amphibians
  • Fish
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4
Q

Give examples of zoonoses in the UK that are transmitted by:

  1. Farm/wild animals
  2. Companion animals
A

Farm/wild animals:

  • Campylobacter
  • Salmonella

Companion animals:

  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Bartonella
  • Ringworm
  • Psittacosis
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5
Q

Give examples of zoonoses in tropical countries that are transmitted by:

  1. Farm/wild animals
  2. Companion animals
A

Farm/wild animals:

  • Brucella
  • Coxiella
  • Rabies
  • VHF

Companion animals:

  • Rabies
  • Tick-borne diseases
  • Spirilum minus
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6
Q

For Campylobacter, describe the following:

  • Reservoir
  • Transmission
  • Clinical presentation
  • Investigations
  • Management
A
  • Reservoir = poultry, cattle
  • Transmission = contaminated food
  • Clinical presentation = bloating, diarrhoea, cramps
  • Investigations = stool culture
  • Management = supportive
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7
Q

For Salmonella, describe the following:

  • Reservoir
  • Transmission
  • Clinical presentation
  • Investigations
  • Management
A
  • Reservoir = poulrty, reptiles/amphibians
  • Transmission = contaminated food, poor hygiene
  • Clinical presentation = diarrhoea, vomiting, fever
  • Investigations = stool culture
  • Management = supportive, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin
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8
Q

For Bartonella henselae, describe the following:

  • Reservoir
  • Transmission
A
  • Reservoir = Kittens > cats
  • Transmission = Scratches, bites, licking of open wounds, fleas
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9
Q

Which two diseases are caused by Bartonella henselae?

A
  • Cat scratch disease
  • Baciliary angiomatosis
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10
Q

For Cat Scratch Disease, describe the following:

  • Presentation
  • Investigations
  • Management
A
  • Presentation:
    • Macule at site of inoculation
    • Becomes pustular
    • Regional adenopathy
    • Systemic symptoms (FLAWS)
  • Investigations:
    • Serology
  • Management:
    • Erythromycin
    • Doxycycline
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11
Q

For bacillary angiomatosis, describe the following:

  • Presentation
  • Investigations
  • Management
A
  • Presentation
    • Skin papules
    • Disseminated multi-organ and vasculature involvement
    • Leads to bursting of blood vessels in various organs and tissues
    • Can be FATAL
  • Investigations
    • Histopathology
    • Serology
  • Management
    • Erythromycin
    • Doxycyclie
    • Rifampicin
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12
Q

For Toxoplasmosis, describe the following:

  • Reservoir
  • Transmission
  • Clinical presentation
  • Investigations
  • Management
A
  • Reservoir
    • Cats
    • Sheep
  • Transmission
    • Infected meat
    • Faecal contamination
  • Clinical presentation
    • Fever
    • Adenopathy
    • Stillbirth
    • Infants with progressive visual, hearing, motor and cognitive issues
    • Seizures
    • Neuropathy
  • Investigations
    • Serology
  • Management
    • Spiramycin
    • Pyrimethamin + sulfadizine
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13
Q

For Brucellosis, describe the following:

  • Reservoir
  • Transmission
  • Clinical presentation
  • Investigations
  • Management
A
  • Reservoir
    • Cattle
    • Goats
  • Transmission
    • Unpasteurised milk
    • Undercooked meat
    • Aerosolisation
  • Clinical presentation
    • Fever (and rest of FLAWS)
    • Back pain
    • Orchitis
    • Focal abscess (psoas or liver)
  • Investigations
    • Blood/pus culture
    • Serology
    • NOTE: the lab should be warned that you are sending suspected Brucella
  • Management
    • Doxycycline + gentamicin or rifampicine
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14
Q

Which organism causes Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii

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15
Q

For Coxiella burnetii, describe the following:

  • Reservoir
  • Transmission
  • Clinical presentation
  • Investigations
  • Management
A

Reservoir:

  • Goats
  • Sheep
  • Cattle

Transmission:

  • Aerolisation
  • Waste
  • Milk

Clinical presentation:

  • Fever
  • Flu-like illness
  • Pneumonia
  • Hepatitis
  • Endocarditis
  • Focal abscess (paravertebral, discitis)

Investigations

  • Serology

Management

  • Doxycycline
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16
Q

Which infectious agent causes Rabies?

A

Lyssa virus

17
Q

For rabies, describe the following:

  • Reservoir
  • Transmission
  • Clinical presentation
  • Investigations
  • Management
A

Reservoir:

  • Dogs
  • Cats
  • Bats

Transmission:

  • Bites
  • Scratches

Clinical presentation:

  • Seizures
  • Excessive salivation
  • Hydrophobia
  • Agitation
  • Confusion
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • NOTE: 100% mortality

Investigations:

  • Serology
  • Brain biopsy

Management:

  • Immnoglobulin
  • Vaccine
18
Q

Which two infectious agents can cause rat bite fever?

A
  • Streptobacillus moniliformis*
  • Spirilum minus*
19
Q

For rate bite fever, describe the following:

  • Reservoir
  • Transmission
  • Clinical presentation
  • Investigations
  • Management
A

Reservoir:

  • Rates

Transmission:

  • Bites
  • Contact with infected urine or droppings

Clinical presentation:

  • Fevers
  • Polyarthralgia
  • Maculopapular progressing to purpuric rash
  • Can progress to endocarditis

Investigations:

  • Joint fluid MC&S
  • Blood culture

Management:

  • Penicillins
20
Q

For Hentavirus pulmonary syndrome, describe the following:

  • Reservoir
  • Transmission
  • Clinical presentation
  • Investigations
  • Management
A

Reservoir:

  • Mice and rats
  • Examples: Sin Nomber virus, black canal virus, bayou virus

Transmission:

  • Infected urine and droppings
  • Aerosolisation

Clinical presentation:

  • Fever
  • Flu-like illness
  • Myalgia
  • Respiratory failure (USA)
    Bleeding and renal failure (SE asia)

Investigations:

  • Serology
  • PCR

Management:

  • Supportive
21
Q

For viral haemorrhagic fever, describe the following:

  • Reservoir
  • Transmission
  • Clinical presentation
  • Investigations
  • Management
A

Reservoir:

  • Ebola - bats?
  • Marburg - bats?
  • Lassa - rats
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever - ticks

Transmission:

  • Contacts with infected fluids

Clinical presentation:

  • Fever
  • Myalgia
  • Flu-like illness
  • BLEEDING

Investigations:

  • Serology
  • PCR

Management:

  • Supportive
22
Q

What important measure should be taken when a sample is sent for serology in a patient with a suspected zoonosis?

A

Save some serum for future tests

YEAR 5: Microbiology and Infection (24 decks)

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