Michael 38-48

Question 1

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Answer 1

Upper and lower respiratory tract infection

Question 2

Respiratory tract is most common place for

Answer 2

infectious agents to gain access to the body

Question 3

Defenses of respiratory tract

Answer 3

nasal hair; ciliated epithelium of the trachea and bronchi; mucus; coughing, sneezing, swallowing;
macrophages in lungs; lymphoid tissue (tonsils) in throat; secretory IgA in mucus

Question 4

Normal biota causing disease are normallly present in:

Answer 4

upper respiratory tract

Question 5

Rhinitis caused by? and treated with?

Answer 5

rhinoviruses about 200 and corona virus. Treated with antihistamines and decongestants.

Question 6

Rhinitis virulence factors are?

Answer 6

Penetrate mucus and attach to host cells

Question 7

Sinusitis causative agents are:

Answer 7

bacteria and fungi

Question 8

Acute Ottitis Media Causitive agents

Answer 8

Streptococcus pneumoniae; Haemophilus influenzae

Question 9

Acute Ottitis Media is prevented via:

Answer 9

Hib Vaccine (H. influenzae type b) and Prevnar ( S. pneumoniae)

Question 10

Pharyngitis causitive agents:

Answer 10

Cold viruses; Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 11

complications of strep throat include:

Answer 11

scarlet fever; rheumatic fever; glomerulonephritis; necrotizing fasciitis (rare); toxic shock syndrome (rare)

Question 12

culture and diagnosis of pharyngitis would reveal:

Answer 12

Group A (lancefield group) or Beta hemolytic.

Question 13

Diptheria is caused by? and prevented by?

Answer 13

Cause: Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Prevented by: DTaP Vaccine.

Question 14

Whooping cough causitive agent and prevention?

Answer 14

Causative agent = Bordetella pertussis. Prevention = DTaP vaccine

Question 15

Tuberculosis causative agents:

Answer 15

Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in AIDS patients

Question 16

causative agents of community aquired Pneumonia

Answer 16

Streptococcus Pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Question 17

Causative agents of nosocomial pneumonia

Answer 17

Streptococcus penumoniae and Klebsiella

Question 18

There has been reclassification of some Black-pigementing bacteria species into the genera:

Answer 18

Tannerella, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella

Question 19

Morphology of Black pigmenting bacteria is

Answer 19

G-, obligately anaerobic, nonmotile, nonspore-forming rods.

Question 20

These bacteria are Important in oral infections and play major roles in the pathogenesis of both periodontal disease and endodontic infections:

Answer 20

Black-pigmenting Bacteria

Question 21

Black pigmenting bacteria is in the flora of which locations?

Answer 21

Are flora in the oral cavity and gi. tract

Question 22

Bacteriodes fragilis is what type of bacteria?

Answer 22

Black pigmenting bacteria

Question 23

What is “Black pigmenting bacteria” term mean?

Answer 23

Old designation referring to some members of the genus Bacteroides.

Question 24

True/False Bacteroides fragilis is a Black pigmenting bacteria

Answer 24

False it is not black pigmenting!

Question 25

commonly isolated human pathogen causing anaerobic infections is known as

Answer 25

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 26

T/F Bacteroides fragilis is aerobic?

Answer 26

False. Anaerobic so tolerates prolonged exposure to O2

Question 27

Name the anaerobe that is the most resistant to antimicrobial agents?

Answer 27

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 28

Regarding Bacteroides fragilis, what are its clinical manifestations?

Answer 28

Result of fecal material spilled into | the peritoneal cavity during surgery, bowel disease, or cancer.

Question 29

what is the most common area for clinical manifestation of Bacteroides fragilis?

Answer 29

one of the more common infections is intraabdominal.

Question 30

True/False There have never been cases of anaerobic infections of Bacteroides fragilis in the oral cavity.

Answer 30

False cases have been reported.

Question 31

What is the epidemiology of Bacteroides fragilis

Answer 31

Endogenous infection. Found in the oral cavity, gi. tract, vagina, and urethra.

Question 32

True/False. Typical diagnosis of Bacteroides Fragilis infection resembles that of other anaerobic infections.

Answer 32

True: diagnosis via: foul odor of discharge, tissue necrosis, gas. Gram stain specimen and biochemical i.d.

Question 33

What is the treatment of Bacteroides fragilis?

Answer 33

surgical therapy: drainage, excision of necrotic tissue, and resection of infected veins.

Question 34

What are characteristics of Tannerella forsynthensis?

Answer 34

G- Obligate anaerobe

Question 35

Periodontal disease, including chronic and localized aggressive periodontitis and abscesses of the periodontium is caused by which 2 G- obligate anaerobes?

Answer 35

Tannerella forsythensis and Porphyromonas gingivalis

Question 36

What 2 G- obligate anerobes is found in subgingival and supragingival biofilms, the tongue, buccal mucosa and saliva. serving as reservoirs for recolonization after periodontal treatment?

Answer 36

Tannerella forsythensis and Porphyromonas gingivalis

Question 37

2 former Bacteroides species of which G- obligate anaerobes now include P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis?

Answer 37

Porphyromonas

Question 38

What are the virulence factors for Porphyromonas gingivalis?

Answer 38

fimbriae, capsules, collagenase, hyaluronidase, phospholipase, hemolysins, keratinases, and endotoxin

Question 39

True or false Porphyromonas gingivalis can tolerate brief exposure to oxygen

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Active tissue AND bone destruction occurs in these diseases which result from infection of Tannerella forsythensis and Porphyromonas gingivalis

Answer 40

Chronic and localized aggressive periodontitis

Question 41

Some studies indicate that this organism is most frequently associated with endodontic lesions (DIF studies)

Answer 41

Porphyromonas endodontalis

Question 42

Poryphyromonas endodontalis, a strict anaerobe causes endodontic disease due to its ability to?

Answer 42

Due to its ability to degrade collagen and a proteolytic activity.

Question 43

Prevotella, G- obligate anaerobe, has which species?

Answer 43

P. intermedia, P. melaninogenica and P. loeschii

Question 44

Which prevotella species is Associated with moderate-to-severe gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and periodontal abscess.

Answer 44

Prevotella intermedia

Question 45

what are the potential virulence factors of Prevotella intermedia?

Answer 45

They include capsules, fimbriae, alkaline phosphatase, and endotoxin.

Question 46

True/False Prevotella intermedia is a late colonizer in plaque. What bacteria does it interact with?

Answer 46

True. Interacts with Fusobacterium nucleaum.

Question 47

Describe one characteristic of Prevotella loescheii and Provotella melaninogenica

Answer 47

Prevotella melaninogenica - etiologic agent of oral disease. Prevotella loescheii - an early colonizer in plaque.

Question 48

Where is Fusobacterium mainly found?

Answer 48

Members of this genus, Fusobacterium, are normal inhabitants of the oral cavity, colon and female genital tract.

Question 49

Describe Morphology of Fusobacterium Nucleatum:

Answer 49

Strict anaerobe! G- thin bacilli with pointed ends, which may resemble scattered straw or appear as very long, thin filaments.

Question 50

T/F. Fusobacterium nucleatum, producing endogenous infections, attaches to which early and late colonizers.

Answer 50

True: It attaches to: Streptococcus oralis, S. mitis, S. gordonii, Actinomyces naeslundii, A. israelii, Veillonella atypica, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Treponema species.

Question 51

What types of lesions and inections can result from Fusobacterium nucleatum

Answer 51

periodontal and gingivitis lesions, and Focal infections in the upper respiratory tract.

Question 52

what bacteria plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of plaque.

Answer 52

Fusobacterium nucleatum

Question 53

What are the virulence factors for Fusobacterium nucleatum

Answer 53

virulence factors include capsules, endotoxin, and enzymes that mediate tissue damage.