Michaelmas Exam

Question 1

Describe the arrangement, movement and energy of the particles in a solid

Answer 1

Particles are close together and regularly packed. Energy is low. The particles vibrate around a fixed point.

Question 2

Describe the arrangement and movement of the particles in a liquid

Answer 2

Particles are close together but irregular. The particles are free to move

Question 3

Describe the arrangement, movement and energy of the particles in a gas

Answer 3

Particles are far apart and there are no forces between them. Energy is high. The particles move quickly and freely.

Question 4

Draw 3 particle diagrams to show the arrangement of particles in a solid, liquid and gas. Draw arrows between them and label boiling, condensing and freezing

Answer 4

liquid-gas = boiling 
gas-liquid = condensing
liquid-solid = freezing

Question 5

Describe the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles when a liquid cools to become a solid

Answer 5

Arrangement becomes more regular. Particles vibrates in a fixed position. Particles lose energy

Question 6

Describe the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles when a liquid turns into a solid

Answer 6

The particles form a regular arrangement, they slow down and lose kinetic energy

Question 7

What name is given to the movement of gases?

Answer 7

Diffusion

Question 8

State and explain how increasing temperature affects the diffusion of a gas

Answer 8

Gas diffuses quicker because particles have more energy.

Question 9

Gas particles move at a speed of several hundred metres per second at room temperature. Explain why gases take several minutes to diffuse across a room

Answer 9

Gas particles collide with air particles and move in random directions

Question 10

State the observation in the reaction between HCl(g) and NH₃(g)

Answer 10

White solid formed

Question 11

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen chloride and ammonia

Answer 11

HCl + NH₃ -> NH₄Cl

Question 12

What is meant by the term atom?

Answer 12

An atom is the smallest part of an element

Question 13

What is meant by the term element?

Answer 13

An element is a substance made of only one type of atom

Question 14

What is meant by the term compound?

Answer 14

A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements chemically joined together

Question 15

What do each of the following state symbols represent: (s), (l), (g), (aq)

Answer 15

(s) - solid. (l) - liquid. (g) - gas. (aq) - aqueous (in solution)

Question 16

What is meant by the term mixture?

Answer 16

Different substances in the same space, but not chemically combined.

Question 17

In Chemistry, what is the meaning of the word Group? What does that tell us about the electron configuration?

Answer 17

A Group is a vertical column of similar elements (same number of electrons in the outer shell)

Question 18

In Chemistry, what is the meaning of the word Period? What does that tell us about the electron configuration?

Answer 18

A Period is a horizontal row of elements (same number of electron shells)

Question 19

Where are the metals in the Periodic Table? Where are the Non-Metals?

Answer 19

Metals on the left of the Periodic Table. Non-Metals on the top-right, plus Hydrogen.

Question 20

If an element conducts electricity, is it a metal or a non-metal?

Answer 20

Metal

Question 21

If an element doesn’t conducts electricity, is it a metal or a non-metal?

Answer 21

Non-Metal

Question 22

Why do elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same chemical properties?

Answer 22

Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

Question 23

Explain, in terms of the arrangement of electrons in its atoms, why neon is very unreactive

Answer 23

Neon has 8 electrons in the outer shell, so it is full. Therefore it does not easily gain or lose electrons