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MichaelsMucosal Immunity Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What are the defenses involved in innate immunity

A

mucins, epithelial cells, defensins

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2
Q

What are the actions of adaptive immunity

A

antigen presentation, humoral, T cells

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3
Q

Describe the lamina propria in the GI system

A

size depends on antigenic environment

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4
Q

Describe antigen presenting cells in GI system

A

chief APCs are dendritic

Macrophages abundant

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5
Q

Describe role of mast cells in the GI system

A

contribute to local host defense by producing important mediators of inflammation
Induce chemoattraction of inflammatory cells to mucosal tissues

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6
Q

What is the function of Goblet cells in GI track

A

mucus secreting- acts as a barrier function and antibacterial

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7
Q

What is the function of epithelial cells in innate immunity in the GI

A

barrier and antibacterial. release chemokines and cytokines

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8
Q

What is the role of paneth cells in the GI track for innate immunity

A

antibacterial secreting cells

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9
Q

What is the role of M cells in innate immunity of GI

A

antigen sampling

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10
Q

What are GI mucins made of

A

O0linked oligosaccharides

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11
Q

What structures are found on the GI mucins

A

glycocalyx

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12
Q

Why is there regulated expression of TLRs and Nod like R in the GI

A

so it is biased toward anti-inflammatory response–>limits inflammation in GI

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13
Q

What are defensins

A

small cationic peptides that contain three intra chain disulfide bonds

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14
Q

Where are alpha defensins produced

A

small bowl by paneth cells and neutrophils

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15
Q

Where are beta defensins produced

A

colon by absorptive epithelial cells

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16
Q

What are involved in adaptive immunity of GI

A

humoral immunity and IgA
Th17 dominant cell-mediated immunity
Suppression of cell-mediated immunity

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17
Q

What is the lymph specialization in GI

A

peyers patches

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18
Q

What is the role of M cells in general

A

pinocytose and transport to express MHC class II, not APCs

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19
Q

What areas do M cells transport material to

A

follicular dome and interfollicular

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20
Q

What are the 4 ways of Ag capture in mononuclear cells

A

nonspecific transport, FcRn-dependent transport, Apoptosis-dependent transfer, Ag capture

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21
Q

What is the role of mucins

A

sequester bacteria to prevent transfer across barrier

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22
Q

Where are paneth cells found

A

in the crypts of epithelium

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23
Q

Where are peyers patches located

A

directly under epithelium, have T B cells and APCs

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24
Q

Where are dendritic cells in GI

A

stretch branches into lumen and also can travel via lymph channels

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25
Where does Antigen presentation take place in GI
mesenteric lymph node
26
What do plasma cells make in GI
IgA
27
How do NLRs and TLRs locate bad material
pattern recognition
28
Where are NLRs ad TLRs
lamina propria -TLRs | epithelial cells- NLRs
29
What is the first step to initiate immune response in GI
peyers patches Ag presentation
30
How do antigens get to the peyers patches
M cells
31
How can you differentiate M cell from epithelial cell
do not have cilia
32
What does the dendritic cell activate
T cells
33
What do the GI dendritic cells express
IL6 and TGFbeta
34
What do the T cells in GI produce
IL 17 and IFN gamma
35
What is the name for the cells that help dampen inflammation in GI
T reg cells called FoxP3
36
People who lack Foxp3 have what problem
chronic gut inflammation
37
What type of Dendritic Cells are CD103
the regulatory DC
38
what is the role of alpha 4 beta 7 and CCR9 on T or B cell
homing so that the cell can get back to lumen, bind MadCAM and CCL25
39
Chemokine R CCR9 is in SI or colon
SI
40
CCR10 is found where and binds what
colon and binds CCL28
41
what promotes expression of alpha4beta7 and CCR9
retinoic acid
42
What is the function of IgA
protective, neutralizes biologically active Ag prevents uptake of Ag by GI tract inhibits bacterial adherence enhances innate immune factors
43
What form is serum IgA
very low levels. found monomeric
44
What is important about IgA that makes it anti-inflammatory
does not bind to C' | prevents colonization without inflammation
45
How do B cells switch to IgA
presentation from Activated T cell in presence of NO and TGFbeta which is secreted by DC
46
Describe T cell independent class switch
through TLR cause DC to release APRIL, TGF beta and BAFF which cause B cell to class switch to IgA
47
Describe transport of IgA
unidirectional
48
Describe components of cell-mediated immunity
intraepithelial cells are mostly CD8 Tcells gammadelta T cells intraepithelial cells have limited T cell repertoire
49
Lamina propria cells are what type T cells
CD4+ T cells
50
What are the CD4 subsets
Th17 | Th2
51
What is the role of Th17 cells
colonization and protection of gut | release IL-17 and IL-22
52
What is the role of Th2 cells
Th2 cells protect against helminthic infections
53
What are the characteristic cytokines of Th2
IL4 and IL13
54
overactive Th17 is seen in what disease, or thought to be
crohns
55
Which area has the highest percentage of Fox P3 T regs
lamina propria
56
What molecules are key in the devlopment of Tregs
CD103 DC, retinoic acid, TGFbeta
57
What are the characteristic cytokines with the FoxP3 T regs
TGFbeta, IL10 and IL2
58
What is inflammatory bowel disease
Crohns, affects entire thickness of bowel wall and sometimes terminal ileum Ulcerative colitis- colonic mucosa
59
What is celiac disease
gluten sensitivity activation of Th2 cells, B cells and Tregs inflammation
60
What else can cause immune response by gut
food allergy and tumor develoment from prolonged immune responses
61
What can cause dysregulation of innate immune response in inflammatory bowel disease
defective defensin expression, inadequate feedback regulation
62
What can cause abnomral cell mediated immunity in IBD
overactive Th17 and granulomatous inflammation by IFNgamma producing Th1 cells
63
What can cause defective regulatory T cell function in IBD
FoxP3 and IL2 or IL2R deficiencies resulting in IBD
64
What is the 4th abnormality in IBC
defective autophagy
65
What Ab are key in celiac disease
anti endomysium IgA, anti tissue transglutaminase IgA, anti gliadin IgA and anti-gliadin IgG
66
What is celiac disease mediated by
T cells
67
What other autoimmune disease is celiac assoc with
type I DM and thyroid autoimmune
68
what are clincial symptoms of celiacs
abdominal pain, diarrhea, growth failure, anemia, osteoporosis or even asymptomatic
69
What Ig mediates food allergies
IgE type I Hypersensitivity
70
what are types of food allergies
milke eggs etc. can be outgrown because mucosal barrier not complete till 4 yrs old
71
What can cause innappropriate digestion
longer peptides, immunogenic, diet, drugs, toxins
72
why do we think food allergies exist
hygiene hypothesis
73
symptoms of food allergies
gas, bloating, dirrhea, constipation, urticaria, mimic many other GI disorders, rhinoconjuctivitis, oral allergies and sensitivities (migraines)
74
Tx for food allergys
no cures, diets, and avoid certain food

GI II (12 decks)

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