Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DIT Microbiology > Micro 15 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors > Flashcards

Micro 15 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Linezolid?

A

Binds to 23S RNA and interacts with the bacterial initiation complex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In what clinical cases do we use Linezolid?

A

MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus) and VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci). Used orally (outpatient).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Tetracycline?

A

Binds to the 30s and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA. They are bacteriostatic and limited CNS penetration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 4 commonly used tetracyclines?

A

Tetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline, minocycline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is Doxycycline eliminated?

A

Fecally, so it can be used in patients with renal failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the clinical uses for tetracyclines?

A

[VACCUUM THe BedRoom]
Vibro cholerae, Acne, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Tularemia, Helicobacter pylori, Borrelia burgdorferi, Rickettsia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What substances must be avoided when taking tetracyclines?

A

Milk, antacids, Iron, calcium and magnesium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the side effects of tetracyclines?

A

GI distress, Discoloration of teeth in children, Inhibits bone growth in children, photosensitivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three medications that can cause photosensitivity?

A

[SAT for photo]

Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracycline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 5 commonly used aminoglycosides?

A

Getamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

A

Binds the 30s Ribosome. Bactericidal. Inhibits the formation of the initiation complex and causes misreading of mRNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the weakness of aminoglycosides?

A

It requires oxygen to work, therefore ineffective against anaerobes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the clinical uses of Aminoglycosides?

A

Severe G(-) rod infections. They work synergistically with beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin with gentamicin in neonatal infections). Neomycin is used in Bowel surgery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the side effects of aminoglycosides?

A

Nephrotoxicity (esp when used with cephalosporins). Ototoxicity (esp when used with loop diuretics). Teratogenic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 3 commonly used macrolides?

A

Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking translocation. It binds to the 23s rRNA of the 50s ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic.

17
Q

What are the clinical uses of macrolides?

A

[PUS]

Pneumonia (atypical), URI (strep pneumo, strep pyogenes), STD (chlamydia, gonorrhea). Safe in pregnancy.

18
Q

What are the side effects of Macrolides?

A

Prolonged QT interval, GI discomfort, Rarely acute cholestatic hepatitis (w/ erythromycin estolate)., rare cases of eosinophilia.

19
Q

What are some drug interaction of macrolides?

A

Increase serum concentration of theophylline. Oral anticoagulants (e.g. Warfarin).

20
Q

What is the mechanism of resistance against macrolides?

A

Methylation of the 23 rRNA binding sire.

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol?

A

Inihibits the 50s peptidyltransferase activity. It is bacteriostatic.

22
Q

What are the clinical uses of Chloramphenicol?

A

Meningitis by H.influenzae, N.meningitidis, S.pneumoniae.

23
Q

What are the side effects of chloramphenicol?

A

Gray baby syndrome (because premature infants lack liver UDP-glucoronyl transferase, very important in degrading chloramphenicol), anemia (dose dependent), aplastic anemia (dose dependent).

24
Q

What are the symptoms of gray baby syndrome?

A

Buildup of toxic metabolites of chloramphenicol, vomiting, ashen gray color of the skin, poor muscle tone, cyanosis, CV collapse.

25
Q

What is the treatment for Gray baby syndrome?

A

Stop chloramphenicol, exchange transfusion, phenobarbital (induces the production of UDP-glucoronyl tranferase).

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Clindaymycin?

A

Blocks peptide bond formation with the 50s ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic.

27
Q

What are the clinical uses of Clindamycin?

A

Anaerobic infections, MRSA infections, Protozoal infections, Topically for treating acne. For bacteriodes fragilis and Clostridium perfringens. Skin abscess that are caused by MRSA can be treated by oral clindamycin.

28
Q

What are the side effects of clindamycin?

A

Pseudomembranous colitis.

29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of streptogramins (Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Synercid))?

A

Act by bind to the 23s portion of the 50s ribosome.

30
Q

What are the clinical uses of streptogramins?

A

MRSA, VRE, staph and strep skin infections.

31
Q

What are the side effects of streptogramins?

A

Hepatoxicity, pseudomembranous colitis, altralgias, myalgias. Inhibits cytochrome p450.

32
Q

What causes gray baby syndrome? Gray man syndrome? Red man syndrome?

A

Gray baby syndrome: Use of chloramphenicol. Gray man syndrome: Use of amiodarone. Red man syndrome: Use of Vancomycin.

33
Q

What medications target the 30s ribosomes? Which ones target 50s ribosomes?

A

[buy AT 30, CCELL at 50]

30s: Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines. 50s: Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erthromycin (macrolides), Lincomycin, Linezolid.

DIT Microbiology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions