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Micro 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Growth means

A

Orderly increase in the sum of all the
components of an organism, which reflects
increase in number of cell

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2
Q

Importance of understanding bacterial growth:

A

① Bacterial survival and transmission
② In vitro diagnostic (laboratory culture)
③ Cessation of bacterial growth for treatment

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3
Q

Rapid Growth of Bacteria

A

1,2,4,8,16,32

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4
Q

Generation time means

A

is the time it takes for a single cell to grow and divide

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5
Q

Escherichia coli time generation :

A

12.5 min

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6
Q

Staphylococcus aureus time generation :

A

27- 30 min

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7
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (agent of Tuberculosis) time generation :

A

18 - 24 hrs

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8
Q

Treponema pallidum (agent of Syphilis) time generation

A

30 hrs

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9
Q

During lag phase

A

عندما يتم وضع البكتيريا في الظروف المناسبة لا تنقسم مباشرة بل تدخل في مرحلة الadaptation )تكون في
الlag phase

cells are recovering from a period of no growth and are making macromolecules in preparation for growth

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10
Q

During log phase

A

يزداد عدد
البكتيريا مع مرور الزمن)انقسام
سريع جدا
للبكتيريا

cultures are growing maximally

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11
Q

Stationary phase

A

occurs when nutrients are depleted and
wastes accumulate (Growth rate = death rate)
حاله من التوازن بين عدد من البكتيريا الحيه والميته

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12
Q

During death phase death rate

A

is greater than growth rate

عدد البكتيريا الميتة أكبر من عدد البكتيريا
الحيه

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13
Q

Factors Affecting Bacterial Growth

A

• Temperature
• pH
• Osmotic pressure
• Oxygen
• Nutrition

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14
Q

Temperature cause :

A

① Hydrogen bonds will break at high temperatures leads
to protein denaturation
② Lipids will be more liquid
③ Outside membrane cannot preserve the integrity of the cell and it will disintegrate

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15
Q

Optimum Temperature: means

A

Temperature at which it’s growth rate is the fastest

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16
Q

Classification of Microorganisms by Temperature Requirements

A

① Psychrophiles ( 0-20°C)
② Mesophiles ( 20 – 45°C)
③ Thermophiles ( 50- 80°C)
④ Hyperthermophiles (Optima greater than 80°C)

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17
Q

Psychrophiles

A

(0-20°C)

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18
Q

Mesophiles

A

( 20 – 45°C)

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19
Q

The bacteria Thermophiles

A

( 50- 80°C)

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20
Q

Hyperthermophiles

A

Optima greater than 80°C

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21
Q

Each organism has a pH range and aPH OPTIMUM
*classification bacteria according PH

A

Acidophiles : Grow optimally
Neutrophiles: Growoptimally
Alkalophiles: Grow optimally

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22
Q

Most bacteria grow between pH

A

6.5 and 7.5

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23
Q

Molds and yeasts grow between pH

A

pH 5 and 6

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24
Q

Osmotic pressure depends on

A

① the surrounding solute concentration and
② ‘ water availability

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25
Hypertonic environments, causing
increase salt or sugar, cause plasmolysis
26
Osmophiles تعني presser
organisms which thrive in high solute
27
Halophiles:ملح
organisms which thrive in high salt
28
Osmotolerant
organisms which tolerate high solute
29
Halotolerant
organisms which tolerate high salt
30
Barophiles
organisms which thrive in high pressure
31
Barotolerant
organisms which tolerate high pressure
32
Using oxygen (O2) in metabolism creates
toxic waste
33
Microbes that are able to use aerobic respiration produce
enzymes to detoxify oxygen:
34
Enzyme detoxify oxygen:
① Catalase: H2O2 --- H20 and 02 ② Superoxide dismutase (SOD): oxygen radical --- H2O and o2 *هدول الي فيهم هاي البكتريا بتعيش هوائيا
35
Microbes that don’t make these enzymes
cannot exist in the presence of oxygen.
36
Type of aerobes
① obligate ② facultative ③ micro arephiles
37
Obligate mean's
* Require 02 to grow
38
Facultative mean's
can live with or without oxygen but grow better with oxygen
39
Microaerphiles mean's
require reduced level of oxygen
40
Classification of organisms based on, oz utilization
① aerobes ② anaerobes
41
Anaerobic types
① Aerotolerant anaerobes ! can tolerate oxygen but grow better without oxygen ② obligate don’t require o2 لانه Killed
42
Culture Media
① Culture Medium: ② Sterile: ③ Inoculum ④ Culture
43
Culture Medium means
Nutrients prepared for microbial growth (C, N, Phosphorus, trace elements, etc)
44
Sterile means
No living microbes Devoid of life
45
Inoculum means
Introduction of microbes into medium
46
Culture means
Microbes growing in/on culture medium
47
Agar
• Complex polysaccharide • Used as solidifying agent for culture media in Petri plates, slants, and deeps • Generally not metabolized by microbes • Liquefies at 100°C • Solidifies ~40°C
48
Physical State of Media
① Liquid Media ② Semisolid Solid two type ③ Solid (Can be converted into a liquid) Loading... ④ Solid (Cannot be converted into a liquid)
49
Liquid Media Why it’s important
Aim to Measure ***(turbidity)***
50
Semi-sold Meida used to
Determines motility
51
Sold Media type
1. Liquefiable (Reversible) 2. Non-liquefiable
52
Selective Media Example
Mannitol Salt Agar [MSA]
53
Differential Media Ex
Mannitol Salt Agar
54
Methods Used to Measure Microbial Growth
• Count colonies on plate or filter (counts live cells) --- • Microscopic counts .. Mass determination • Turbitity • Measurement of enzymatic activity or other cell components • Flow cytometry (FACS)
55
Sold Media
Firm surface for discrete colony growth Advantageous for isolating and culturing
56
Special requirment
Nucleotide base Amino acids Enzymatic cofactors or “vitamins”
57
Why sold media firm surface
For discrete colony growth
58
Sold media advantageous /usful
For isolating and culture
59
Chemical composition of culture media
1. Synthetic media 2.complex or non Synthetic media
60
Synthetic media
defined :Chemical Contain : Pure organic and inorganic compounds Exact formula (little variation
61
Complex or non Synthetic
Difend : not chemically definable Contain : at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable Extracts :from plants and Animal Non exact formula Tend to be general and grow a wide variety of organism
62
Anaerobic Culture Methods
Anaerobic jar
63
Cultures with High CO2
. Candle jar . CO2-packet
64
Methods Used to Measure Microbial Growth
• Count colonies on plate or filter (counts live cells) • Microscopic counts • Mass determination • Turbitity • Measurement of enzymatic activity or other cell components • Flow cytometry (FACS)
65
Microscopic counts Need
microscope,. 2 special slides , 3 high power objective lens
66
Microscopic counts counting
1.counting total microbe number 2.differential counts can also be done

Micro 3 (1 decks)

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