Micro Flashcards
(24 cards)
Sinusitits causes
S pneumo, H flu
Common cold
rhinoviruses, corona, adeno, coxsackie
Pharyngitis
Group A strep (strep pyogenes)
Rhinoviruses
Common cold, Bind ICAM 1, does not kill host cells,
supportive treatment ss(+)RNA, nonenveloped
Parainfluenza viruses
Croup and pneumonia in kids, common cold in adults
Viral fusion protein
Viral aeresol spread. viral neurominidsase for viral spread
tx. corticosteroids, supportive care
ss(-)RNA enveloped
Coronavirus
Common cold. SARS too( viral pneumonia fever, dyspnea, fever)
3 day incubation period, 6-7 day symptoms
ss(+)RNA enveloped
Influenza C
Common cold 7 RNA segments (AB have 8), less virulent than AB. No antigenic shift or animal reservoir.
Influenza viruses: segmented ss(-) RNA enveloped
Adenoviruses
Respiratory tract infection, conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic cystitits
Spread via aerosols
Live vaccine confer immunity during infection
dsDNA nonenveloped,
Strep pyogenes
Strep throat group A strep. Must treat to prevent rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
Virulence factors: Streptokinase, M- protein, Hyaluronidase
Treat with penecillin G
Gm+ cocci Beta hemolytic
strawberry tongue= scarlet fever
Moraxella catarrhalis
#2bacterial pneumonia for COPD. Pilli. Present as otititis media, sinusitits, pneumonia. GM- reduces nitrite, does not ferment. tx; ammoxicillin
corynebacterium diptheriae
airway obstruction and pseudomembrane. Gm+ rod, aerobic, tx. antitoxin, penecillin, vaccine Do not scrape it off will lead to spread and bleeding. DTaP @ 2,4,6, 18 months
Strep pneumo
lobar pneumonia, otitis media. respiratory droplet spread, Gm+ diplococci, a-hemolytic, cat- tx: penecillin pneumovax vaccine
Haemophilus influenzae B
Epiglottitis, otitis media, pneumonia
Invasive, Adults with COPD, recent viral flu.
Gm- grows on chocholate agar.
tx: ceftriaxone, Hib vaccine,
Respiratory Syncitial Virus
Kids: bronchiolitis, pneumonia croup#2. Adults: mild common cold
G surface protien for attachment F for fusion.
Wheezing, nasal secretions
Dx: detection in secretions, serology
Tx; supportive, albuterol
ss- RNA nonsegmented enveloped
Bronchitis
presents with a cough, chest pain and fever
Influenza AB, parinfluenza, adeno, RSV, rhino, coxsackie
CXR to differentiate between pneumo and bronchitis fever often indicates bacterial,
Influenza
Die from flue due to secondary bacterial infection. Has fever unlike common cold.
Pertussis
7 day incubation period Becoming more common. bordetella pertussis gm-cocco bacillus Pertussis toxin AB damages in trachea, large amounts of mucous produced causing cough
Influenza viruses A and B
8 segments of ssRNA, present as cold and flu. Neurominidase envelope protein important for cleaving HA boud to sialic acid permiting viral spread. IL-1 INfy.
bordetella pertussis
Whooping cough. gm- coccobacilli
AB toxin inactivates G proteins leading to increased cAMP. Kills epithelial cells,
Staging 1) 1-2 weeks contagious and flu 2) 3 weeks -2 months cough and whoop. 3) 2-3 months recovery cough subsides erythromycin at stage 1
DTaP vaccine @2,4,6,18 months and every 10 years.
mycoplasma pneumoniae
close quarters pneumonia, no gram stain. atypical “walking pneumonia”
tx: erythromycin or tetracycline
chlamydia pneumoniae
young adults, intracellular parasite, upper RT and phagocytosed by macrophages, pulmonary edema, necrosis, hemorrhage. giemsa stain to view, doxycycline
legionella pneumophila
atypical pneumonia, smokers, aerosols, proliferates within macrophages, silver stain, tx with erythromycin.
Pneumocysitis jirovecii
AIDS opportunistic fungal infection, present as pneumocystis pneumonia. silver stain of sputum.
tx: tMP-SMX
Nocardia asteroidies
resembles TB in clinical presentaiton. acid fast stain, beaded filementous growth. pneumonia and abscessesin kidney and brain.
gm+ aerobic,
tx: TMP-SMX surgical drainage.
