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Uworld > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

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1
Q 
Isolate in medium of:
vanc
colistin
nystatin
TMP
A

N. gonorrhoeae

(Thayer-Martin medium - chocolate agar based)

Abx inhibit other growth:
vanc - gram +
colistin (polymyxin) - gram -
nysatin - yeast
tmp - proteus (GN)
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2
Q

unexplained oral thrush otherwise health person

A

think HIV

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3
Q

life cyle of Hep B

A
  • entry into host cell
  • capsid released into cytoplasm
  • nuclear import of viral genome
  • partially dsDNA repaired (full ds)
  • transcription
    (out to cytosol)
  • translation of proteins
  • reverse transcription of RNA template into partially dsDNA in new capsid
  • envelope aquired via budding into endoplasmic reticulum (contains virally-coded proteins)
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4
Q

HiB vaccine composition

A

cell wall polysaccharide conjugated with protein toxoid (diptheria or tetanus)

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5
Q

HiB vaccine prevents

A

meningitis
pneumonia
sepsis
epiglottitis

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6
Q

salmonella virulence factor

A

Vi antigen

  • capsular protein
  • protects it from opsonization/phagocytosis

(note: some salmonella can produce exotoxin –> typhoid fever not osteomyelitis)

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7
Q

main virulence factor of staph aures in osteomyelitis

A

adhesion to collagen

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8
Q

HAV decontam

A
  • water chlorination
  • bleach (1:100 dilution)
  • formalin
  • UV irradiation
  • boiling to 85 degC for one minute
  • autoclave (120degC for 20 min)

NOT:

  • drying (stable for weeks)
  • diethyl either, choroform, trichloroethane (no lipid soluble env)
  • acid (can withstand acidic gastric env)
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9
Q

Mother:
HBsAg+, HBeAg+

Infant…

A

(high risk for tranmission during delivery during active infection)

neonate:

  • high levels of HBV replication
  • mildly elevated liver enzymes
  • high risk for chronic infx (90%)

Hep B vaccine given at birth; if HBV+ mom, give anti HBV IgG to newborn

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10
Q

Increased risk of HepB to baby…

A

HBeAg+ (90% vs 20%)

Acute infx in 3rd trimester

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11
Q

streptococcal antibodies

A

anti- streptolysin
anti - DNaseB
anti- hyaluronidase

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12
Q

MCC of E.coli bactermia

A

UTI

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13
Q

dx of mucormycosis

A

bx

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14
Q

MaConkey agar restricts grown of most…

A

gram positive

contains bile salt

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15
Q

Bordet-Gengou medium

A

bordetella pertussis

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16
Q

Post strep GN follows ___

Rhumatic fever follows ____

A

GN - either skin or throat GAS

Rhumatic fever - only throat GAS

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17
Q

major pathogenic mechanism of shigella

A

mucosal invasion
- invades M cells that overlie Peyer’s patches

(not all shigella have shiga toxin)

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18
Q

host inflammatory response to shigella

A

neutrophils

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19
Q

neisseria gonorrhea often seen w/in

A

neutrophils

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20
Q

mechanism of acquiring virulence in cornyebacterium

A

lysogenization by a phage

phage conversion
–> tox gene –> AB exotoxin production

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21
Q

major virulence factor of s. pneumo?

how is it aquired?

A

capsule

via transformation

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22
Q

e.coli acquire the ability to form pili via..

A

conjugation

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23
Q

toxin synthesis under environmental influence

which bacteria

A

bacillus

clostridium

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24
Q

trigger for b.anthracis to make toxin

Study These Flashcards
A
  • warming to 37deg

- presence of appropriate concentration of protein and CO2

25
trigger for C. tetani to germinate/make toxin
anaerobic env | e.g. necrotic wounds
26
exquisite ear pain drainage granulation tissue in ear canal
malignant otitis externa | pseudomonas
27
MCC of death w/diphteria
cardiomyopathy | myocarditis?
28
major virulence factor for Strep pyogenes (A)
Protein M - inhibits phagocytosis and the activation of complement - cytotoxic for neutrophils in serum - mediator for bacterial attachment
29
streptolysin O
produced by most GAS oxygen-labile immunogenic extracellular lyses erythrocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes does not convey resistance to phogocytosis
30
DNase
- produced by stretococcus - depolymerizes viscous DNA in pus and - disintegrates polymorphonuclear leukocytes (allows it to move more freely in tissue)
31
vaginal pH during candida vaginitis
normal (3.8-4.2)
32
initial empiric tx of coag-neg staph should include...
vancomycin (due to widespread resistance, esp in nosocomila infx) can be switched to naf or oxacillin if tests sens
33
dextrans
prod by viridans strep facilitate adherence to fibrin --> form valvular veg
34
why do viridans strep require prior damage to valves
w/o endothelial damage --> no platelets or fibrin --> viridans unable to adhere
35
Abx tx of strep throat decreases risk of...
rhumatic fever NOT glomerular nephritis
36
risk of more severe form of hansen disease
weak Th1 (cell mediated) immune response --> lepromatous leprocy macrophages are told to kill mycobacteria--> disseminates widely
37
m. leprae growth conditions
temp slighly lower than core body temp --> extremities, skin, superficial nerves, eyes, testes
38
mild form of hansen
tuberculoid leprosy infx limited by cell-med immune --> mild skin plaques (hypopig, hair loss, focally decreased sensation)
39
neutropenia (ANC
gram negative | eg pseudomonas
40
p. aeruginosa virulence factors that contribute to EG
- exotoxin A (protein synth inhib) - elastase (--> blood vessle destruction) - phospholipase c (degrades cell membranes) - pyocyanin (gen reactive ox species)
41
bacillary angiomatosis
bartonella henselae in immunocompromised pts --> - red-purple papular skin lesions - vascular prolif also w/in viscera - fatal if left untreated
42
triad of HUS
- microangiopathic hemolytic anemia - thrombocytopenia - renal unsuff
43
Bartonella causes...
- cat scratch disease - bacillary angiomatosis - culture-neg endocarditis
44
``` Kills spores out of: etoh chlorohxidine H2O2 iodine ```
H2O2 | Iodine
45
sterilization of hospital instruments that cannot withstand autoclave
alklyating agents cross-link DNA and proteins - formaldhyde - glutaraldehyde
46
Antipseudomonals
some pens: - ticar - piper some cephs: - ceftazidime (3rd) - cefepime (4th) some aminos: - amikacin - gent - tobra some fluor: - cipro - levo (NOT moxy) Aztreonam Carbapenems
47
dx of strongloides
rhabditiform larvae in stool
48
rhabditiform vs filariform larvae
rhab = less mature; found in stool filariform - infect through skin or go to lung through large intestine
49
tx for strongloides
ivermectin
50
ETEC enterotoxins
heat labile (LT) - choleragen-like - activates adenylate cyclase ``` heat stabile (ST) - activates guanylate cyclase ```
51
tx for recurrent c.diff (or an increased risk of recurrence)
fidaxomicin
52
what is seen in stool of cholera
mucus and some sloughed epithelial cells | NO leukocytes or RBCs b/c non inflammatory
53
tx for giardia
metronidazole
54
mebendezole use
roundworms - anclyostoma - ascaris - enterobius
55
albendazole use
echinoccos granulosus [tapeworm/cestode that causes cysts in liver] **will also need surgery! -- first cysts killed w/ etoh injection to prevent anaphalaxis if leak out)
56
immune rx to shistosoma
Th2 mediated granulomatous response against eggs --> Th2, eosinophils, macrophages --> ulceration and scarring of bowel or bladder/ureters
57
B. anthracis produce what type of capsule
antiphagocytic D-glutamate capsule | instead of polysaccharide
58
lecinthinase mech
aka phospholipase C aka alpha toxin catalyzes the splitting of phospholipid molecules --> cell lysis (inc RBCs --> tissue necrosis and edema
59
Protein A on Staph aureus
- binds Fc portion of IgG (at complement binding site)--> impairs complement activation, opsonization, and phagocytosis (on peptidoglycan cell wall)

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