Micro anatomy

Question 1

The right side of the heart pumps blood where?

Answer 1

To the lungs (pulmonary circulation)

Question 2

The left side of the heart pumps blood where?

Answer 2

To the rest of the body (systemic circulation)

Question 3

The inferior and superior venae cavae feed into what side of the heart?

Answer 3

Right

Question 4

Oxygen goes from the right ventricle to the lungs via what blood vessel?

Answer 4

Pulmonary trunk

Question 5

What veins feed into the left side of the heart?

Answer 5

Pulmonary veins

Question 6

What does the aorta do?

Answer 6

Pumps blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

Question 7

Name the layers of the heart wall from the lumen outwards

Answer 7

1. Endocardium
2. Myocardium
3. Epicardium

Question 8

What is the endocardium formed of?

Answer 8

A layer of simple squamous endothelial cells and connective tissue

Question 9

What is special about the CT in the endocardium?

Answer 9

It carries the branches of the conducting system

Question 10

What is the myocardium composed of?

Answer 10

Mostly myocytes and some ordinary connective tissue containing collagen and capillaries

Question 11

What is the epicardium composed of?

Answer 11

ordinary connective tissue containing collagen and elastic; adipocytes and the coronary vessels

Question 12

What is the pericardium?

Answer 12

Visceral pericardium = simple cuboidal-like mesothelium
Pericardial, fluid filled, cavity
Parietal pericardium = simple cuboidal-like mesothelium

Question 13

Name the 2 types of heart valves

Answer 13

Atrioventricular valves

Semilunar valves

Question 14

What do the heart valves do?

Answer 14

Ensure one-way blood flow

Question 15

What are the 2 AV valves and where do you find them?

Answer 15

Tricuspid valve (right side) 
Bicuspid (mitral) valve (left side)

Question 16

What are chordae tendineae

Answer 16

Cords of collagen that connect the AV valves to the papillary muscles embedded in the ventricle wall

Question 17

What do semilunar valves do?

Answer 17

Regulate blood flow into the great arteries - pulmonary and aorta

Question 18

Where do you find the pulmonary semilunar valve?

Answer 18

between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

Question 19

Where do you find the aortic semilunar valve?

Answer 19

Between the left ventricle and the aorta

Question 20

How do the valves move?

Answer 20

The flaps move by the differential pressure of the blood between the atrium and the ventricle

Question 21

The heart sounds are ‘lubb dubb’. When do you hear the first heart sound, lubb?

Answer 21

At the closure of the AV valves, at the start of ventricular systole

Question 22

When do you hear the second heart sound, dubb?

Answer 22

At the closure of the semilunar valves, at the end of ventricular systole

Question 23

What is ventricular systole?

Answer 23

contraction of the heart while blood is pushed into pulmonary trunk/aorta

Question 24

List the steps involved in the hearts conducting system

Answer 24

1. Sinoatrial valve acts as a pacemaker sending out electrical signals
2. Some signals reach the atrioventricular node
3. Signal travels into the Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle)
4. Signal divides into two branches of purkinje fibres
5. Purkinje fibres supply the papillary muscles first then the apex

Question 25

Where would you find the SA node?

Answer 25

In the wall of the superior venae cavae and atrium

Question 26

Where would you find the AV node?

Answer 26

In the septum between atria

Question 27

List the special features of the SA node

Answer 27

1. Has its own blood supply 2. composed of specialised cardiac muscle fibres 3. has connections with the autonomic nervous system

Question 28

What is the Bundle of His?

Answer 28

bundle of fibres that enters the interventricular septum

Question 29

What are purkinje fibres and where would you find them in the heart?

Answer 29

They are specialised cardiac muscle fibres found in the dense connective tissue of the endocardium

Question 30

What are the 3 main types of arteries?

Answer 30

Elastic, muscular and arterioles

Question 31

List the layers of blood vessels

Answer 31

tunica intima tunica media tunica adventitia

Question 32

What lines all blood vessels?

Answer 32

endothelium

Question 33

What is the vasa vasorum?

Answer 33

Vessels of the main blood vessel

Question 34

List the differences between veins and arteries

Answer 34

Veins have thinner walls Veins have larger lumens Vein adventitia is greater than its media Artery media is greater than its adventitia Elastic laminae not well developed in veins

Question 35

Name the 2 types of capillaries

Answer 35

Continuous | Fenestrated