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Micro Bacterio And Viro Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

Smallest microorganism about less .3 nano

A

Virus

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2
Q

Multupluy by binary fission and intercellular and extra cellular infection

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

Describe paracytes and fungi

A
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4
Q

Viruses are totally dependent on cells for replication

A

True

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5
Q

Portal of entry

A

6

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6
Q

Sources of infection

A

1 endogenous ( normal body flora be toxic for 3 reasons )
2 exogenous

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7
Q

Sites of n body flora

A

Vagina and oropharynics and skin and colon

Don’t exist in spleen . CNS.blood. Lower bronchi.alveoli.liver.bladder. Kidney

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8
Q

Where do Candida exist

A

Nasopharynx
Virgina
Upper bowl

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9
Q

Welfare of microbes

A

6 points

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10
Q

Importance of bacteria

A

Biotechnology ( vit. Enzymes. Insulin …
Recycle vital elements in nature
Sewage treatment and water recycle ( bioremediation)

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11
Q

Microorganisms can be pro or euk

A

True
Pro. Bacteria and blue green algae
Euk. Simple algae and fungi and Proto zoa
Virus is neither

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12
Q

Virus can only replicate in

A

Living cells

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13
Q

Bacteria features ( ribosome , size )

A

70s
2micron

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14
Q

Components of bacteria
4 essential and 6 accessories

A
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15
Q

Plasma membrane features3 ; components 4; functions 4

A
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16
Q

What does cytoplasm contains?

A

Ribosome
Nucloid
Proteins and nucleotide proteins complex
Cytoskeletal structures ( filimant system)

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17
Q

Importance of cytoskeletal elements

A

Cell shape
Division
Spores formation
Antibiotics targeting

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18
Q

Describe DNA and ribosome in bacteria

A

Single chromosome double stranded circular and no nuclear membrane

Plasmid extra
70 s ( 50 + 20)
80 s eukaryotic

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19
Q

What are inclusion bodies or granules and what are their function

A
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20
Q

Features of cell wall 4 and its importance 3
Loss of cell wall leads to death by
Components of it 2
Gram positive and negaaatie

A

Differ from gram positive and negative

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21
Q

Bacteria that has Lipo polysaccharide and proteins

A

Gram negative

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22
Q

G positive bacteria has large amount of ?

A

Teichoic acid and lipo teichoic acid
Piptidoglycans and lipo in plasma memb

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23
Q

Lps is known as

A

Endotoxin and responsible for endotoxin or toxic shock
Lipid A then core antigen (polysaccharide) then o specific polysaccharide

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24
Q

Advantages of outer membrane
2 points
Describe the structure of piptidoglycan

A
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25
What do we need in culturing. Bacteria
Petri dish Bunsen burner Inoculating loop
26
What stains we use in culturing and how gram + and - appears
4 + violet or blue - pink
27
Some bacteria are classified as gram positive bur stain very poorly what are they and why and ex of bacteria cant be stain
Because of lipid complex like mycobacteria(60%) and corynebacteria so we use acid fast stain ( Ziegler Nielsen stain) Rickettsial and chalamediae
28
What is bacterial capsule and its importance
3 impo
29
Polysaccharide similar to capsule but secreted extra cellular . Function
Free slime or glycocalyx Allows adherence to other structures
30
Difference between flagella and fimbriae and function of each
What is sex pilli or F pili
31
What are spores and which bacteria make them
G positive
32
What is the stimulus. For sporulation by expression of genes
Starvation
33
Formation of spores and what circulate it
Protect it from desiccation and toxic agents and doesn’t include multiplication
34
Why spores are resistant
3 reasons rich in ca and dipcolonic acid
35
What is germination and what it needs
Reactivation of spores to give vegetable cells and needs water and nutrients
36
How we can kill spores and ex
Autoclaving by moist heat of 100 to 120 chords 10 to 20min Bacillus ( aerobic ) Clostridium (anaerobic)
37
Plasmids features
Transmissible and non trans Genes for. Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors (exotoxin)and genes for pili
38
What are tranposens or jumping genes and where they move
Bacterial dna plasmid and bactriophages
39
The benefit we get from that ribosomes of bacteria are small
We can target protein syntheses in bacteria by antibiotic
40
Nature of outer surface of microorganisms
Virus ( protein capsid and lipoprotein envelope ) Bacteria ( rigid wall with piptidoglycan) Fungi( rigid with chitin) Parasites ( flexible mambrane )
41
Proteinacious infectious particle and cause TSE
Prion whic is the disease causing form from prpc(cns )
42
Ex on tSE diseases and what is the disease caused by medical examination or treatment
1 BSE in cattle 2 CjD in humans Iatrogenic rout
43
Bacterial survival needs 2 things
Growth Replication
44
What are growth stages
Metabolism Regulation Division
45
Fast. Growing bacteria vs slow growing bacteria
46
What is growth of bacteria and why do we use it
Increase in number and size ( biomass) Detection and identification and to see effects of antibiotics
47
What are the method that we use in labs to grow bacteria
1 biofilm formation( thinly 300 to 400 Mm over an inert surface) 2 transformation of clear broth medium into a turbid suspension of 107 to 109 cell per ml) 3 colonies ( 20 - 30 ) cell division of a single cell
48
What is biofilm and where it aggregate
Inner surfaces of implanted devices like catheters and prosthetic and heart valves and intrauterine devices It produces gooey material called EPS ( dna and proteins and sugared )
49
Bacteria needs a tissue like medium to grow(2) Need animal infection
1( chlamediae and ricckitisea ) 2 ( treponema pallium and mycobacterium leprae ) Need more nutrients (. Fastidious bacteria
50
What are the factors that affect growth of bacteria
Nutrients ( nitrogen and sulfur and carbon and minerals and growth factors and phosphorous ) Ph/ temp/salt conc/aeration
51
classification of culture media is based on ingredients
Simple media( n.agar and n.broth ) peptone / NaCL/ meat extract ( if we add 2% agar) Special media Enriched Selective Deferential Transport Anaerobic
52
Medium used for bacteria that is exacting in its needs
Enriched medium like blood agar and chocolate agar
53
What is the difference between blood agar and chocolate agar
54
The media that we use inhibitory substances in it and what are they
Selective. Antibiotics Alteration of ph Chemicals Dyes
55
Talk about Thayer martin media
Selective ( specific for Neisseria gonorrhoeae) 4 antibiotics 1 vancomycin(kill g +) 2 coloistin(kill g- except neisseria) 2nystatin(kill fungi) 4 trymethprim(kill g- like proteus)
56
Eosin methylene blue and campylobacter agar and Löwenstein-Jensen Jensen
1 ( specific for g - ) dye methylene bluee kills g + 2 for campylobacter jejuni from rectal or fecal swap ( charcoal/ cefoperazone/amphotericin b) 3 for mycobacterium tuberculosis ( penicillin / nalidixic acids / malachite )
57
What are deferential media
1 meckoncky (lactose fermenter and non) 2 CLeD( ki;; proteus/ cultivation of pathogen from a rune sample like E. coli and serratia) 3TCBS(v cholera and v paraheamolyticus 4 xLD( recovery of salmonella and shigella)
58
Ex on transport and anaerobic media
Trans( Stewart’s media and buffered glycerol saline) A( Robertsons cooked meat and thioglycolate Broth
59
What are phases of bacterial growth
Lag Log or exponential Stationary Death
60
How bacteria make ATP
3 mechanisms
61
What are the pathways bacteria use to generate energy
Glycolysis( see name) Penrose phosphate pathway Entendres dodorof
62
Deference between fermentation and respiration
63
What is the final electron acceptor in the 2 types of respiration
64
What are the requirements for bacterial growth
Nutrients Environmental factors (o2) Energy
65
Nutritional requirement of bacteria ( 3 groups)
Structural components ( p/c/o/h/n/s) Cell function( mg/ca/k/fe) Obtained from degradation of large molecules Synthesized by bacteria( folic acid ) inhibited bu slfonomide and trimethoprim antibiotics
66
Organic factors and vitamins
O. F ( amino acids from proteins and DNA) For coenzymes
67
Phototroph vs chemotroph Organotroph vs lithotroph
68
The most important taxonomic group is
Species
69
What is Adansonian classification
70
Why do we use microscope in classification of bacterial diseases
1 bacterial motility( hanging drop) 2 morphology and staining rxn( simple / gram stain / zehil Nelson stain for fast acid bacilli
71
Tentative id is based on () and definitive id () after bacterial culturing
Colony shape and straining After biochemical and serological tests
72
Types of culture media
1 liquid ( broth ) 3 points 2 solid ( hemolysis / pigment production /colony shape
73
B hemolysis A G And ex on exopigment and endopigment
74
What are colony characteristic that can be seen with naked eye and what difference between colony ( forms/margin/elevation )
Shape Pigment Growing pattern Texture
75
The most resistant organism to factors
Prion ( 121 c)
76
Most commen method in sterilization
Dry heat ( by destroying their oxidative processes) 1 red heat ( knives and blades and loops) 2 flaming ( surface of a slide and for mouth of culture tube) 1 inceniraator ( metal compartment used for hospital waste and for burning objects can’t be clean) 2 hot air oven ( 160 c to 170 c for 1 or 2 hours / for metals and glassware)
77
In Oder to steam to make a good sterilization it must be
Dry Saturated
78
Used to kill microbes in milk Media contain proteins Glassware and forceps and scalpels Media with sugar or gelatin Most efficient and reliable in hospital
Pasteurization Inspissation Boiling Tyndallisation Autoclaving
79
Double walled chamber and the air is replaced by pure saturated steam at pressure Equipments under 121 c for 15 to 20 min depending on load and contents
Autoclave
80
Sterilize prepacked disposable plastic items (. Syringes and catheters and gloves) Through heating 180 c( glassware and syringes)
Gamma Infra red
81
For specific solution that are destroyed by heat
Filtration
82
Denatures protein and dna by cross linking functional groups For heat sensitive instruments like surgical instruments and plastics and endoscopes and anesthetic apparatus. Highly inflammable Explosive gas
Ethylene oxide
83
Powerful disinfectants and antisepsis
Alcohol

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