Micro Bio Flashcards
HPV
Small DNA virus with tropism for stratified squamous epithelium (i.e. Cervix, anus, true vocal cords). Infants can acquire resp papillomatosis via passage through HPV infected birth canal
6 and 11 result in warts (verrucous, skin colored genital lesions aka condylomata accuminata)
Chronic granulomatous disease
Inactivating mutation affecting NADPH oxidase (membrane bound complex that catalyze a the reduction of O2 to O2- (superoxide) within phagolysosome, facilitating intracellular killing of organisms ingested by phagocytes) -> impaired respiratory burst inhibits phagocytic intracellular killing.
Sx: recurrent bacterial and fungal infections: lungs, skin, LN, and liver most commonly
-diffuse granuloma formation
Dx: measurement of neutrophil superoxide production (DHR flow cytometry(will turn blue) and NBT testing, will have flourescent green))
Phenotypic mixing
When a host cell is co infected w 2 viral strains and the progeny virions contain parental genome from one strain and nucleocapsid (or envelope) from the other strains
Interference
When one virus inhibits replication and/or release of a second virus that is infecting the same cell
Transformation
Uptake of naked DNA by cell. Incorporation of viral DNA into host cell chromosome
Bacteria with polysaccharide capsules
N. meningitidis
Strep pneumo
H. Influenza
Conjugate vaccines
Bacteria w polysaccharide capsules (encapsulated) are anti phagocytic -> provoke Ab mediated (B-cell) response
However, vaccines containing polysaccharide antigen alone are ineffective in children <2 due to their immature humoral immunity.
Polysaccharide is conjugated with carrier protein to amplify the patients humoral response through T-cell recruitment.
-> stronger immunological response
Infectious urethritis
In males is most commonly due to N. Gonorrhea (gonnococal) or chlamydia trachomatis (non gonnococal) ,both of which cause dysuria and mucopurulent urethral discharge.
Tx for gonnococal urethritis: ceftriaxone
Tx for non gonnococal: doxycycline or azithromycin
Germ tube test
Inoculation of candidia albicans into serum at 37 for 3 hrs leads to the formation of true hyphae yeast
***diagnostic info Candida albicans
Foscarnet
Pyrophosphate analog used to treat ganciclovir resistant CMV. Can chelate calcium and promote nephrotoxic renal magnesium wasting. Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, which can cause seizures.
Acycolivir side effects
Most commonly crystalline nephropathy if adequate hydration is not provided
Parotitis
- acute onset of from and and erythamoutous pre/post auricular swelling that extends to the mandible
- due to S. Aureus most commonly
- may be caused by dehydration, intubation, medications that decrease salivary flow or salivary flow obstruction
- can present with elevated levels of amylase
