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micro ch 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

When viewing where living organisms exist in our world, micro organisms are:

A

Ubiquitous (everywhere)

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1
Q

When viewing the living organisms in our world __________ are the most prevalent.

A

Microorganisms

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2
Q

Our world and our lives would not exist as we know it without

A

Microorganisms

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3
Q

Microbiology is

A

Specialized area of biology that deals with living things too small to be seen without magnification

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4
Q

Small organisms too small to be seen without magnification are:

A

Microbes or microorganisms

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5
Q

What is mrsa?

A

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus ( a strain of staff resistant to antibiotics)

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6
Q

The study of bacteria is called

A

Bacteriology

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7
Q

The study of viruses is:

A

Virology

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8
Q

The study of fungi is:

A

Mycology

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9
Q

The study of algae is

A

Phycology

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10
Q

The study of Protozoa is

A

Protozoology

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11
Q

The study of helminths is

A

Parasitology

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12
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Disease causing agents

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13
Q

What is a normal flora?

A

Microbes that normally live in or on a human and do not normally cause disease

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14
Q

How is microbiology used in the health service industry?

A

Doctors and nurses diagnose and care for individuals with infectious diseases

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15
Q

How is microbiology used in immunology?

A

Study the immune chemicals and cells that are produced in response to infection by microorganisms

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16
Q

What is public health/epidemiology?

A

Monitor and control the spread of infectious diseases in the community as in the center for disease control and the world health organization

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17
Q

What is food/dairy microbiology?

A

Practical roles of microbes in food or dairy

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18
Q

What is bio technical and industrial microbiology?

A

Use microbes metabolism to produce a product such as acids or alcohols

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19
Q

What is genetic engineering/ recombinant DNA?

A

Deliberately alter genetic makeup of a microbe to produce a human hormone or drug vaccine such as human insulin

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20
Q

What is bioremediation?

A

The use of microbes to help clean up toxic products such as oil, pesticides, insecticides, and heavy metals in the environment.

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21
Q

List the metric system that we use in microbiology from greatest to least

A 
Meter
Centimeter
Millimeter
Micrometer
Nanometer
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22
Q

Bacteria is measured in

A

Micrometers

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23
Q

Viruses are measured in

A

Nanometers

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24
Microbes greater than one millimeter can be seen with
The naked eye
25
Microbes measuring from 100 micrometers to 1 micrometers can be seen with
A light microscope
26
Microbes measuring from 200 nanometers to 1 nanometer can be seen with
An electron microscope
27
What is spontaneous generation?
Abiogenesis-- living things will suddenly appear from no living matter ex. Maggots from meat being left out
28
What is biogenesis?
Living things arise from other living things of the same kind ex. Dogs from dogs
29
Who was Anthony van Leeuwenhoek?
Father of bacteriology and protozoology. Dutch merchant that developed a single lens 300x handheld microscope. He observed pond water, tooth scrapings and saw animalcules. Did not share his knowledge
30
The human body is a source of
infection
31
Dr. Oliver Wendall Holmes:
observed that mothers of home births had fewer infections that those that gave birth in hospitals
32
Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis
correlated infections with physicians coming directly from the autopsy room to the maternity ward
33
Joseph Lister
introduced the aseptic technique to reduce microbes in medical settings and prevent wound infections
34
What is the aeseptic routine?
Involved disinfection of hands using chemicals prior to surgery and the use of heat for sterilization
35
Who was Louis Pasteur?
Disproved spontaneous genertation theory Invented Pasteurization invented the germ theory of disease
36
How was spontaneous generation theory disproved?
he used a swan necked flask to prevent microbes from entering previously boiled broths and came to the conclusion that microbes in the air contaminate broths
37
What is pasteurization?
Louis Pasteur developed a special heating process to kill bacteria without changing the flavor of wine.
38
What is the Germ Theory of Disease?
Louis Pateur wrote a paper purposing that a specific microorganism would cause a specific disease.
39
The microorganism that produces a specific disease is called:
the caustic agent or etiological agent
40
Who was Robert Koch?
He verified the Germ Theory of Disease Came up with Koch's postulates Developed many lab techniques we still use today.
41
What is the caustic theory of anthrax?
bacillus anthracis
42
What are Koch's postulates?
The microbe must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy organisms. The suspected microbe must be isolated and grown in pure culture in the lab. The same disease must result when the isolated microbe inoculated into a healthy host. The same microbe must be isolated again from the diseased host.
43
What lab techniques did Robert Koch develop?
``` Isolation Innoculation media pure cultures microscopic preparation ```
44
What is taxonomy?
a formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things originated by Carolus Linneaus and Aristotle
45
What 3 things a taxonomy concerned with?
Classification Nomenclature Identification
46
What is classification?
orderly arrangement of organizations into groups of 8 decending ranks called taxa
47
What is nomenclature?
assigning names
48
What is identification?
determining and recording traits of organisms for placement into taxonomic schemes
49
Did King Popeye Come Over For Green Spinach?
``` Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species ```
50
What 2 kingdoms did aristotle develop?
animalia | plantae
51
Carolus Linnaeus developed a binomial system of:
genus | species
52
Robert Whittaker developed 5 kingdoms:
``` monera fungi protista animalia plantae ```
53
Carl Woese and George Fox:
performed new molecular studies of rRNA that caused the scientific community to totally rearrange out taxonomy by working with these 3 domains: bacteria, archaea, eukarya
54
What are the three domains of life?
domain bacteria domain archaea domain eukarya
55
What is domain bacteria?
prokaryotic | true bacteria
56
What is domain archaea?
prokaryotic, odd bacteria that lives in extreme environments like high salt or heat
57
What is domain eukarya?
eukaryotic: has a nucleus and organelles
58
What are the kingdoms of domain eukarya?
``` kingdom protista (split) kingdom fungi kingdom plantae kingdon animalia ```
59
When assigning scientific names:
an international group oversees the naming of every new organism discovered. The naming is varied by the discovering microbiologist, shape, color, where the organism is found or the disease it causes.
60
When writing the scientific name properly:
genus is written first, species is second genus is capitalized, species is not both genus and species are written in italics or underlined

micro ch 1 (1 decks)

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