Micro Exam 1

Question 1

microbiology

Answer 1

study of living things that are too small to be seen with the naked eye

Question 2

Roles of microorganisms in our lives

Answer 2

digestion, makes vitamins, prevents overgrowth of harmful microbes, commercial applications (chemicals, drugs, and bio-remediation), food industry

Question 3

Bubonic plague

Answer 3

AKA Black Death –> Yersinia pestis
fleas on rats killed 25 million people

Question 4

Great Irish Famine

Answer 4

Phytophthora infestans (Protista)
killed 1 million (Potato famine)

Question 5

Mexico in 1519

Answer 5

Cortez brought over small pox and influenza
90% of population died

Question 6

Robert Hooke

Answer 6

Invented microscope

Question 7

Antony von Leewenhoek

Answer 7

Looked at living things under the microscope
Father of Microbiology

Question 8

Francesco Redi

Answer 8

Challenged spontaneous generation
Meat, flies and maggots

Question 9

Semmelweis

Answer 9

Suggested handwashing after many deaths from child bed fever

Question 10

Lister

Answer 10

Developed an antiseptic technique for surgery

Question 11

Koch

Answer 11

Germ theory
Specific diseases for specific microbes
Developed technique for pure cultures and studied anthrax in cattle

Question 12

Jenner

Answer 12

Created vaccines for smallpox
Penicillin

Question 13

Koch’s postulates

Answer 13

Microbes present in diseased animals were grown in a pure culture. This was injected in healthy animals and the animals developed the same disease.

Question 14

Coccus

Answer 14

spherical

Question 15

Bacillus

Answer 15

rod shaped

Question 16

Spiral (3 kinds)

Answer 16

Vibrio- comma
Spirillum- few curves
Spirochete- corkscrew

Question 17

Glycocalyx

Answer 17

substances that surround the cell
Capsule- neatly organized and firmly attached
Slime layer- unorganized and loosely attached
Contributes to virulence from preventing drying out, adherence, helps form biofilms and prevents phagocytosis

Question 18

3 parts of the flagellum

Answer 18

Filament- contains flagellin protein
Hook- attaches to the filament
Basal body- anchors flagellum to the cell wall and membrane, contains the motor

Question 19

H antigen

Answer 19

On the flagella, and the proteins distinguish between different strains of bacteria

Question 20

Difference between a flagella and an endoflagella

Answer 20

Endoflagellum are anchored at one end of a spirochete. Move like a corkscrew and move through viscous fluids

Question 21

Fimbriae

Answer 21

Hairlike appendages that allow attachment (biofilms and adherence)

Question 22

Pili

Answer 22

Hairlike appendages that are longer than fimbriae and help the cell move

Question 23

Gram-positive wall

Answer 23

Thick peptidoglycan and no outer membrane

Question 24

Gram-negative wall

Answer 24

Thin peptidoglycan and outer membrane
Membrane is made of Lipopolysaccharides

Question 25

Lipid A

Answer 25

endotoxin in gram-negative cell walls

Question 26

O-Polysaccharide

Answer 26

O Antigen in gram-negative cell walls

Question 27

Acid fast cells walls are made of...

Answer 27

mycobacterium extra waxy makes bacteria tougher

Question 28

Nucleoid region

Answer 28

Contains one circular chromosome